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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alternative form of a gene -- alleles occur at the same locus on homologous chromosomes.
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allele
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Any chromosome other than the sex-determining pair.
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autosome
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Heterozygous individual who has no apparent abnormality but can pass on an allele for a recessively inhereited genetic disordeer.
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carrier
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Inheritance pattern in which both alleles of a gene are equally expressed.
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codominance
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Cross between parents that differ in two traits.
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dihybrid cross
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Allele that exerts its phenotypic effect in the heterozygote; it masks the expression of the recessive allele.
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dominant allele
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Inheritance pattern in which one gene masks the expression of another gene that is at a different locus and is independently inherited.
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epistasis
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Specific location of a particular gene on homologous chromosomes.
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gene locus
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Genes of an organism for a particular trait or traits; often designated by letters -- for example, BB or Aa.
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genotype
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Possessing unlike alleles for a particular trait.
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heterozygous
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Possessing two identical alleles for a particular trait.
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homozygous
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Inheritance pattern in which the offspring has an intermediate phenotype, as when a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant produce pink-flowered offspring.
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incomplete dominance
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Cross between parents that differ in only one trait.
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monohybrid cross
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The result of the interaction of several genes.
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multifactorial
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Inheritance pattern in which there are more than two alleles for a particular trait; each individual has only two of all possible alleles.
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multiple alleles
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Visible expression of a genotype -- e.g., brown eyes or attached earlobes.
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phenotype
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Inheritance pattern in which one gene affects many phenotypic characteristics of the individual.
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pleiotropy
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Pattern of inheritance in which a trait is controlled by several allelic pairs; each dominant allele contributes to the phenotype in an additive and like manner.
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polygenic inheritance
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Grid used to calculate the expected results of simple genetic crosses.
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Punnett square
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Allele that exerts its phenotypic effect only in the homozygote; its expression is masked by a dominant allele.
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recessive allele
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Cross between an individual with the dominant phenotype and an individual with the recessive phenotype. The resulting phenotypic ratio indicates whether the dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous.
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testcross
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One gene consisting of a single pair of alleles, one dominant and one recessive.
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unifactorial
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Phenotype or genotype that is characteristic of the majority of individuals of a species in a natural environment.
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wild type
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