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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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allele
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Alternative form of a gene -- alleles occur at the same locus on homologous chromosomes.
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alternation of generations
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Life cycle, typical of plants, in which a diploid sporophyte alternates with a haploid gametophyte.
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bivalent
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Homologous chromosomes, each having sister chromatids that are joined by a nucleoprotein lattice during meiosis; also called a tetrad.
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crossing-over
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Exchange of segments between nonsister chromatids of a bivalent during meiosis.
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diploid (2n) number
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Cell condition in which two of each type of chromosome are present.
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fertilization
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Fusion of sperm and egg nuclei, producing a zygote that develops into a new individual.
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gamete
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Haploid sex cell; e.g., egg and sperm.
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gametogenesis
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Development of the male and female sex gametes.
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gametophyte
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Haploid generation of the alternation of generations life cycle of a plant; produces gametes that unite to form a dipoid zygote.
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genetic recombination
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Process in which new genetic information is incorporated into a chromosome or DNA fragment.
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haploid (n) number
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Cell condition in which only one of each type of chromosome is present.
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homologous chromosome
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Member of a pair of chromosomes that are alike and come together in synapsis during prophase of the first meiotic division ; a homologue.
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homologue
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Mamber of a homologous pair of chromosomes.
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independent assortment
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Alleles of unlinked genes segregate independently of each other during meiosis so that the gametes contain all possible combinations of alleles.
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interkinesis
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Period of time between meiosis I and meiosis II during which no DNA replication takes place.
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kinetochore
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Disk-shaped structure within the centromere of a chromosome to which spindle microtubules become attached during mitosis and meiosis.
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life cycle
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Recurring pattern of genetically programmed events by which individuals grow, develop, maintain themselves, and reproduce.
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meiosis
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Type of nuclear division that occurs as part of sexual reproduction, in which the daughter cells receive the haploid number of chromosomes in varied combinations.
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oogenesis
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Production of eggs in females by the process of meiosis and maturation.
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polar body
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In oogenesis, a nonfunctional product; two to three meiotic products are of this type.
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secondary oocyte
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In oogenesis, the functional product of meiosis I; becomes the egg.
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sexual reproduction
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Reproduction involving meiosis, gamete formation, and fertilization; produces offspring with chromosomes inherited from each parent with a unique combination of genes.
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spermatogenesis
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Production of sperm in males by the process of meiosis and maturation.
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spore
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Asexual reproductive or resting cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, in contrast to a gamete.
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sporophyte
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Diploid generation of the alternation of generations life cycle of a plant; produces haploid spores that develop into the haploid generation.
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synapsis
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Pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I.
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zygote
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Diploid cell formed by the union of two gametes; the product of fertilization.
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