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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Molecules tending to raise the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and to lower its pH numerically
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acid
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Smallest particle of an element that displays the properties of the element
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atom
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Mass of an atom equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons within the nucleus
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atomic mass
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Number of protons within the nucleus of an atom
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atomic number
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One or two letters that represent the name of an element -- e.g., H stands for a hydrogen atom, and Na stands for a sodium atom
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atomic symbol
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Molecules tending to lower the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and raise the pH numerically
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base
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Substance or group of substances that tend to resist pH changes of a solution, thus stabilizing its relative acidity and basicity
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buffer
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amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water 1 degree Celsius
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calorie
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The product of atoms from two or more different elements bound together
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compound
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Chemical bond in which atoms share one pair of electrons
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covalent bond
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Negative subatomic particle, moving about in an energy level around the nucleus of an atom
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electron
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The ability of an atom to attract elecrons toward itself in a chemical bond
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electronegativity
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Concentric energy levels in which electrons orbit
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electron shell
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Substance that cannot be broken down into substances with different properties; composed of only one type of atom
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element
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Weak bond that arises between a slightly positive hydrogen atom of one molecule and a slightly negative atom of another molecule or between parts of the same molecule
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hydrogen bond
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Hydrogen atom that has lost its electron and therefore bears a positive charge
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hydrogen ion (H+)
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Type of molecule that interacts with water by dissolving in water and / or by forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules
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hydrophilic
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Type of molecule that does not interact with water because it is nonpolar
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hydrophobic
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One of the wtwo ions that results when a water molecule dissociates; it has gained an electron and therefore bears a negative charge
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hydroxide ion (OH-)
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Charged particle that carries a negative or positive charge
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ion
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chemical bond in which ions are attracted to one another by opposite charges
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ionic bond
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Atom of the same element having the same atomic number but a different mass number due to the number of neutrons
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isotope
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Anything that takes up space and has mass
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matter
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Union of two or more atoms of the same element; also, the smallest part of a compound that retains the properties of the compound
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molecule
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Neutral subatomic particle, located in the nucleus and assigned one atomic mass unit
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neutron
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Bond in which the sharing of electrons between atoms is fairly equal
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nonpolar covalent bond
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States that an atom other than hydrogen tends to form bonds until it has eight electrons in its outer shell; an atom that already has eight electrons in its outer shell does not react and is inert
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octet rule
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volume of space around a nucleus where elecrons can be found most of the time
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orbital
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Measurement scale for hydrogen ion concentration
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pH scale
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Bond in which the sharing of electrons between atoms is unequal
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polar covalent bond
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Positive subatomic particle located in the nucleus and assigned one atomic mass unit
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proton
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Ionic compound that results from a classical acid-base reaction
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salt
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Substance that is dissolved in a solvent, forming a solution
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solute
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Fluid (the solvent) that contains a dissolved solid (the solute)
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solution
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Substance having an attached radioactive isotope that allows a researcher to track its whereabouts in a biological system
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tracer
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