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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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why do we need vitamins and minerals?
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They are necessary for obtaining energy from macronutrients
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do minerals and vitamins provide direct energy?
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no, they often function as Coenzymes and cofactors in metabolic pathways
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whats the role of the enzyme?
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protein that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction.
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whats the role of coenzyme and cofactors?
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molecules that combine with an enzyme to facilitate enzyme function
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whats required for several metabolic reactions?
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enzymes and coenzymes
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what are the functions of B-vitamins?
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assist in energy metabolism, cell regeneration and erythrocyte synthesis.
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whats the DRI (DRA 19 years and older) for men and women?
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men= 1.2 mg/day
women= 1.1 mg/day |
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what types of foods are fortified?
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whole grains, sunflower seeds, pork, legumes, soy milk, and soy beans.
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what does thiamin deficiency cause?
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fatigue, apathy, muscle weakness, reduced cognitive function
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whats Beriberi?
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severe deficiency results in muscle wasting and nerve damage
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whats wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
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thiamin deficiency in alcohol abusers
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what are the functions of ribodlavin (vitamin B)?
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coenzymes in energy production as FAD and FMN (TCA, ETC).
Part of coenzyme for antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase |
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what does riboflavin form?
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coenzyme form: FAD
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whats the average riboflavin DRI (RDA 19 yrs and older) in men and women?
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men= 1.3 mg/day
women= 1.1 mg/day |
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what types of food sources contain riboflavin?
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milk and dairy products, eggs, meats including liver, enriched breads/grains
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does ribroflavin excreted in urine have any toxicity?
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no
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whats ariboflavinosis?
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sore throat. swelling of mucous membranes in mouth/throat, dry/scaly lips, purple-colored tongue, inflamed/irritated patches on skin
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what happens when riboflavin deficiency is severe?
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can impair metabolism of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) and niacin
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what are the two forms of niacin (vitamin B3)?
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nicotinic acid, and nicotinamide
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what are the coenzyme forms of niacin?
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NAD, and NADP
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what are the functions of Niacin?
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part of coenzymes NAD and NADP, required for catabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
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why is Niacin used for in pharmacological doses?
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to lower blood triglycerides in blood
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what types of foods contain Niacin?
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meat, fish, poultry, enriched bread products, cereals
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whats the DRI (RDA 19 yrs and older)?
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men= 16mg/day
women= 14mg/day |
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can Niacin have toxicity?
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Little toxicity risk for Niacin- containing foods
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what does excessive supplementation cause?
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Niacin flush= Burning/tingling red skin on face, arms, chest
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Can Niacin damage liver and glucose intolerance?
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yes it can if it is consumed long term, it can cause liver damage and glucose intolerance.
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what epidemic does Niacin deficiency cause?
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Pellagra
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what are the initial symptoms of Pellagra?
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decreased HCL production in the stomach, reduced nutrient absorption, weakness, fatigue, and anorexia
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Pellagra is followed by what?
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followed by the classic 4 D's .
Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, and death |
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what is the only deficiency disease to reach epidemic proportions in the us?
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Pellegra
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Chronic alcoholism is seen with?
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pellegra
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what are the three forms of pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
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(PN) Pyridoxine, (PL) pyridoxal, (PM) Pyridoxamine
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what are the three coenzymes of pyridoxine (vitamin b6)?
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(PNP, PLP, PMP)
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what are the functions of pyridoxine (vitamin B6)?
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-important for protein metabolism
- coenzyme for >100 enzymes in AA metabolism, - coenzymes in glucose breakdown; hemoglobin synthesis, oxygen transport |
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what are the types of food sources that contain pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
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meat, fish (especially tuna), poultry, organ meat, enriched cereals, potatoes, bananas, fortified soy-based meat substitutes
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