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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 macromolecules of interest to anesthesia?
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Nucleics (DNA/RNA)
aminos & proteins lipids carbs |
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What populations are we concerned with when talking about nucleics (DNA)
a) elderly b) cancer pt c) 1st trimester OB d) little kids e) all of the above f) b, c & d |
f) b, c & d
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DNA has four bases
which are purines and which are pyrimidines |
PURINES adenine & guanine
PYRIMIDINES thymine & cytosine |
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Of the four DNA bases which ALWAYS bond to which? (2 answers) they make up the rungs of the "ladder"
a) adenine with cytosine b) adenine with thymine c) guanine with cytosine d) guanine with thymine |
b) adenine with thymine
c) guanine with cytosine |
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When one DNA base and one deoxyribose sugar are bound what is result?
a) nucleotide b) nucleoside c) phosphotide c) phosphoside |
b) nucleoSide
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When one DNA base and one deoxyribose sugar are bound and you add a phosphate what is result?
a) nucleotide b) nucleoside c) phosphotide c) phosphoside |
a) nucleoTide
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DNA stays in the nucleus and is rarely open except in which cases
a) 1st trimester OB b) gene transcription c) little kids d) all of the above |
all of the above
DNA opens when there is rapidly duplicating tissue, found in fetus, kids, also cancer pts |
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How many pairs of genes in 1 human genome?
a) 21 b) 22 c) 23 d) 24 |
23 pair genes
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How do cancer drugs work?
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Catch DNA in open state and block synthesis or transcription of gene
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What is DNA doing during synthesis?
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DNA splits to duplicate itself during cell replication
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DNA opens for transcription, what is happening during this process?
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when the DNA opens, 3 bases are exposed (a CODON) then RNA reads the codon and can translate it to a specific amino acid
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What sugar is DNA associated with
a) ribose b) deoxyribose c) glucose d) trioxyribose |
deoxyribose
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RNA is associated with which sugar?
a) ribose b) deoxyribose c) glucose d) trioxyribose |
a) ribose
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Will RNA float in and out of nucleus?
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YES
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Which bases align in the RNA structure
a) adenine & thymine b) adenine & uracil c) guanine & cytosine d) guanine & uracil |
b) adenine & uracil
c) guanine & cytosine |
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What are the 4 types of RNA
a) messenger b) ribosomal c) transfer d) mitochondrial e) all of the above |
all of the above
messenger, ribosomal and transfer are ALL for PROTEIN CONSTRUCTION |
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What is the function of mRNA?
a) acts outside nucleus for protein synthesis b) reads the open DNA c) matches the code and brings in the amino acid d) ATP work energy |
reads the open DNA
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What is the function of tRNA?
a) acts outside nucleus for protein synthesis b) reads the open DNA c) matches the code on the messenger and brings in the amino acid d) ATP work energy |
matches the code on the messenger and brings in the amino acid
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What is the function of rRNA?
a) acts outside nucleus for protein synthesis b) reads the open DNA c) matches the code and brings in the amino acid d) ATP work energy |
acts outside nucleus for protein synthesis
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What is a codon?
a) three exposed bases b) three exposed DNA c) three exposed RNA d) none of the above |
a) three exposed bases
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Are lipids polar or nonpolar?
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nonpolar
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Lipid membranes are found
a) in BBB b) bones c) nerve axons d) placenta e) a, c & d |
e) a, c & d
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A saturated fatty acid
a) has a double bonded Carbon b) doesn't have a double bonded Carbon |
b) doesn't have a double bonded Carbon
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An unsaturated fatty acid
a) has a double bonded Carbon b) doesn't have a double bonded Carbon |
a) has a double bonded Carbon
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What type of acid is found at the end of a fatty acid?
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carboxylic acid
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Classes of fats include
a) echonsanoids b) cholesterol c) phospholipids d) triacylglycerol e) all of the above |
e) all of the above
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How many carbons does an eicosanoid have
a) 10 b) 20 c) 30 d) none of the above |
20
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What is the main use for the fat triacylglycerol?
a) storage of water b) storage of energy c) storage of cholesterol d) storage of glycolic acid |
b) storage of energy
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How many OH groups does the simple alcohol glycerol have
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 |
3
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Each triglycerol contains _____ alcohol groups & _____esters
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3 alcohol
3 esters |
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True/False Phospholipids are a glycerol group?
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True
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How many ester bonds , phosphate bonds and OH bonds does a phospholipid have?
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3 ester bonds
1 phosphate 2 OH |
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True/False Surfactant is a phospholipid?
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True
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Which end of a phospholipid would be the polar end?
a) the carbon chain tails b) the phosphate/ester/OH end c) there is no polar end on a phospholipid |
b) the phosphate/ester/OH end
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What pH is phosphate ionized at
a) 9.3 b) 7.4 c) 8.1 |
b) 7.4
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What makes cholesterol different from all the other fats?
a) it has 4 rings c) 3 hex rings d) 1 pent ring e) a & c only f) a, b & c |
f) a, b & c
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Cholesterol is a precursor for
a) cell membranes (CNS) b) hormones c) bile acids d) a only e) a, b & c |
e) a, b & c
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Which NDMR's are steroid based
a) piprecuronium b) vecuronium c) pavulon d) rocuronium e) all of the above f) b, c & d only |
all of the above
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The cholesterol molecules make up consists of a ratio of
a) 1 carbon, 2 hydrogens, 1 oxygen b) 2 carbons, 1 hydrogen, 2 oxygens c) 1 carbon, 1 hydrogen, 1 oxygen |
a) 1 carbon, 2 hydrogens, 1 oxygen
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Monosaccharides have how many hexose or pentose rings
a) 2 b) 3 c) 1 d) monosaccharides don't contain hexose or pentose groups |
c) 1
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How are carbohydrates metabolized?
a) hydrolysis b) anhydrase catabolism c) oxidative phosphorylation d) none of the above |
c) oxidative phosphorylation
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What is another name for Kreb's Cycle?
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oxidative phosphorylation
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What are the functions of carbohydrates?
a) energy source b) cellular recognition c) structural support d) a only e) a, b & c |
e) a, b & c
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How many atoms of oxygen does it take to metabolize one monosaccharide?
a)10 b) 12 c) 22 d) 38 |
b) 12
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How many ATP are yielded after a monosaccharide is metabolized?
a) 12 b) 22 c) 38 d) 48 |
c) 38
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True/False When a carb is bonded to a protein it becomes a glycoprotein
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True
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What is the function of a glycoprotein?
a) cellular recognition b) metabolism c) acts as a 2nd messenger d) none of the above |
a) cellular recognition
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The following are examples of glycoproteins
a) GABA b) serotonin c) urea d) both a & b |
d) both a & b
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Which of the following are carb based drugs
a) heparin b) antibx ( mycins, except Vanc) c) antivirals d) oral hyperglycemics e) all of the above |
e) all of the above
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True/False If all three acids on a triacylglycerol are the same it is a simple triglyceride?
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True
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True/False deoxyribose and ribose are monosacharides
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True
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Once a polysaccharide has more than 10 rings it is considered a
a) fat b) starch c) both a & b d) a citric acid |
b) starch
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Brains & RBC's use what for food
a) fat b) carbs c) both a & b d) none of these |
Carbs
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What type of metabolism is preferred in the OR?
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Carb
insulin is necessary for glucose to cross the membrane if not fat comes into play |
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True/False If all three acids on a triacylglycerol are the same it is a simple triglyceride?
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True
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True/False deoxyribose and ribose are monosaccharides
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True
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Once a polysaccharide has more than 10 rings it is considered a
a) fat b) starch c) both a & b d) a citric acid |
b) starch
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Brains & RBC's use what for food
a) fat b) carbs c) both a & b d) none of these |
Carbs
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What type of metabolism is preferred in the OR?
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Carb
insulin is necessary for glucose to cross the membrane if not fat comes into play |
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Why does anesthesia care if it takes 12 oxygen to metabolize a monosaccharide?
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Because we need to supply the oxygen! So that pt won't go into fat metabolism
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