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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Social Group
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two of more people who identify and interact with one another
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Primary Group
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a small social group whose members share personal and lasting relationships (family, close friends)
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Secondary Group
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a large and impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific goal or activity (college class, corporation)
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Instrumental Leadership
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group leadership that focuses on the completion of tasks
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Expressive Leadership
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group leadership that focuses on the group's well-being
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Groupthink
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the tendency of group members to conform, resulting in a narrow view of some issue
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Reference Group
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a social group that serves as a point of reference in making evaluations and decisions
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In-group
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a social group toward which a member feels respect and loyalty
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Out-group
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a social group toward which a person feels a sense of competition of opposition
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Dyad
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a social group with two members
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Triad
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a social group with three members
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Network
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a web of weak social ties
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Formal Organization
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a large secondary group organized to achieve its goals efficiently
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Tradition
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values and beliefs passed from generation to generation
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Rationality
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a way of thinking that emphasizes deliberate, matter-of-fact calculation of the most efficient way to accomplish a particular task
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Rationalization of Society
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Weber's term for the historical change from tradition to rationality as the main mode of human thought
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Utilitarian Organizations
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pay people for their efforts (business, government)
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Normative Organizations
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have goals people consider worthwhile (voluntary associations)
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Coercive Organizations
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organizations people are forced to join (prisons, mental hospitals)
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Bureaucracy
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an organizational model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently
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Organizational Environment
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factors outside an organization that affect its operation
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Bureaucratic Ritualism
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a focus on rules and regulations to the point of interfering with an organization's goals
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Bureaucratic Inertia
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the tendency of bureaucratic organizations to perpetuate themselves
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Oligarchy
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the rule of the many by the few
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Scientific Management
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Frederick Taylor's term for the application of scientific principles to the operation of a business or other large organization
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