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115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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THE STANDARD SCREEN IN WHICH OTHERS ARE MEASURED
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100
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EXPOSURE TIME CONTROLS
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QUANTITY OF X-RAYS
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THE FIBULA IS LARGER THAN THE TIBIA
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FALSE
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FOR AXIAL OF CALCANEUS THE ANKLE MUST
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BE DORSIFLEXED AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE AND HELD IN PLACE
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TO IMPROVE RECORDED DETAIL
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USE SMALL FOCAL SPOT AND DECREASED OID
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KILOVOLTAGE CONTROLS
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X-RAY PENETRATION
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PLACE THE BOTTOM OF FILM 1-2 INCHES BELOW THE KNEE JOINT ON A
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DISTAL FEMUR
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INCREASE THE MAS BY % TO COMPENSATE FOR INCREASED TISSUE THICKNESS OF DISTAL FEMUR
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50%
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OID
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DISTANCE BETWEEN OBJECT AND IR
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TO REDUCE MAGNIFICATION
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DECREASE OID
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PROXIMAL FEMUR PLACE THE FILM
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ALONG SUPERIOR MARGIN OF ASIS
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STRUCTUAL MOTTLE IS CAUSED BY
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CRYSTAL SIZE, THICKNESS,AND UNEVEN CRYSTAL DISTRIBUTION
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TIBIAL TUBEROSITY
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KNOBLIKE PROTUBERANCE ON ANTERIOR SURFACE OF TIBIA NEAR PROXIMAL END OF SHAFT
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HIP JOINT AND 3/4'S OF FEMUR
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STRUCTURES SEEN ON PROXIMAL FEMUR
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LONG-SCALE CONTRAST USED MOST ON WHAT FILMS
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CHEST
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INTENSIFYING SCREENS REDUCE
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AMOUNT OF EXPOSURE
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WHEN OID CANNOT BE MINIMIZED BY POSITIONING
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INCREASE SID AND USE SMALL FOCAL SPOT
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PA PROJECTION OF KNEE IS IS DONE TO VIEW
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PATELLA
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MAS EQUALS
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MAS X SEC
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INTERCONDYLAR EMINENCES ARE AKA
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TIBIAL SPINES
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HOLMBLAD AND CAMP COVENTRY ARE USED TO VIEW
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PATELLA
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BASIC OBLIQUE OF FOOT WHAT SHOULD BE VISIBLE WITH MINIMAL SUPERIMPOSTION
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CUNEIFORM
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FUNCTIONS OF THE CASSETTE INCLUDE
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PREVENT BENDING SCRATCHING, PROTECT FROM LIGHT AND CONTAIN INTENSIFYING SCREENS
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BONE PROXIMAL TO CUNEIFORMS IS THE
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NAVICULAR
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SHORT SCALE CONTRAST (HIGH CONTRAST) IS OBTAINED BY
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USING LOW KVP
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PROXIMAL FEMUR PLACE THE FILM
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ALONG SUPERIOR MARGIN OF ASIS
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STRUCTUAL MOTTLE IS CAUSED BY
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CRYSTAL SIZE, THICKNESS,AND UNEVEN CRYSTAL DISTRIBUTION
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TIBIAL TUBEROSITY
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KNOBLIKE PROTUBERANCE ON ANTERIOR SURFACE OF TIBIA NEAR PROXIMAL END OF SHAFT
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HIP JOINT AND 3/4'S OF FEMUR
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STRUCTURES SEEN ON PROXIMAL FEMUR
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LONG-SCALE CONTRAST USED MOST ON WHAT FILMS
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CHEST
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QUANTOM MOTTLE IS EFFECTED BY
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CRYSTAL SIZE, THICKNESS,DISTRIBUTION AND HIGH MA & HIGH KVP
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RECOEDED DETAIL IS EFFECTED BY
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SIZE, THICKNESS,& DISTRIBUTION OF PHOSPHER CRYSTALS
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CAUSES OF FILM EXPOSURE INCLUDE
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LIGHT, FOG, PRESSURE,& CHEMICAL FUMES
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ODORS, LIGHT, PRESSURE WHICH CANNOT EXPOSE FILM
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ODORS
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SILVER HALIDE CRYSTALS & THICKNESS OF EMULSION DETERMINES
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SPEED OF FILM & THE DEGREE OF RECORDED DETAIL
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3 FUNCTIONS OF CASSETTES ARE
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PROTECT FILM FROM EXPOSURE DUE TO LIGHT, BENDING SCRATCHING CONTAIN INTENSIFYING SCREENS
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99% OF X-RAY IMAGE IS FORMED BY SCREEN LIGHT
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TRUE
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INTENSIFYING SCREENS
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FLAT SURFACE COATED W FLUORESCENT CRYSTALS CALLED PHOSPHURS
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PURPOSE OF INTENSIFYING SCREENS IS
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TO REDUCE AMOUNT OF EXPOSURE NEEDED TO PRODUCE AN IMAGE
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SPECTRAL EMISSION
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REFERS TO COLOR OF LIGHT EMITTED
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LATERAL ANKLE
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PERPENDICULAR TO MEDIAL MALLEOLUS
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LATERAL KNEE
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IS FLEXED 20-30 DEGREES. SAGITTAL PLANE OF FEMUR AND LOWER LEG IS PARALLEL TO IR
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AP AXIAL FOOT
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ANGLED 10* POSTERIORLY & ENTERING BASE OF 3RD METATARSAL
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CALCANEUS
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ANGLED 40* CEPHALAD TO CENTER OF IR
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PA PROJECTION OF KNEE
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DIRECTED 5* CAUDAD TO EXIT 1/2 IN INFERIOR TO THE PATELLAR APEX
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LATERAL ANKLE
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FOOT DORSIFLEXED SO PLANTAR SURFACE FORMS 90* ANGLE W CORONAL PLANE OF LOWER LEG
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AP/OBLIQUE TOES
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PERPENDICULAR TO THE MTP JOINTS
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AP/OBLIQUE ANKLE
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LEG ROTATED MEDIALLY SO MEDIAL PLANTAR ASPECT OF FOOT IS IN CONTACT W IR. CORONAL PLANE OF FOOT FORMS 30* ANGLE W IR
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AP KNEE (SETTERGAST SUNRISE)
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PERPENDICULAR OR 5* CEPHALAD(LG PT) ENTERING 1/2 IN DISTAL TO APEX OF PATELLA
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TANGENTIAL (SETTERGAST SUNRISE)
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ANGLED 15-20* CEPHALAD AND CENTERED TO INFERIOR MARGIN OF PATELLA. ANGULATION IS ADJUSTED SO CR PASSES BETWEEN PATELLA & DISTAL FEMUR
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CAMP COVENTRY
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ANGLED 40* CAUDAD THRU KNEE JOINT TO CENTER OF IR IF LEG IS 40* & 50* IF LEG IS 50*
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HOLMBLAD
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AFFECTED KNEE FLEXED SO ANGLE BETWEEN FEMUR & TABLE IS 70*
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3 FUNCTIONS OF CASSETTE
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PROTECT FROM LIGHT RIGID STRUCTURE PROTECTS FILM CONTAIN INTENSIFYING SCREENS KEEPS CLOSE TO FILM
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INTENSIFYING SCREENS
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FLAT SURFACE COATED W FLUORESCENT CRYSTALS CALLED PHOSPHURS.
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99%
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HOW MUCH OF XRAY IMAGE IS FORMED BY SCREEN LIGHT
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PURPOSE OF INTENSIFYING SCREENS
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REDUCE AMOUNT AMOUNT OF EXPOSURE REQUIRED TO MAKE XRAY
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SCREEN CONSTRUCTION
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POLYESTER BASE SUPPORT LAYER W ADHESIVE CAOT TO HOLD PHOSPHURS IN THIN LAYER. CLEAR COAT PREVENTS STAINS & WEAR TO CRYSTAL LAYER 1MM THICK
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SCREEN SPEED EFFICIENCY IN CONVERTING XRAYS TO LIGHT
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RELATIVE SPEED(RS) 100 SPEED STANDARD AGAINST ALL MEASURED SCREEN W 200 SPEED TWICE AS FAST AT HALF EXPOSURE 300-400 USED FOR GENERAL PURPOSE
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SCREEN SPEED VS RECORDED DETAIL
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PG 93
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SCREEN PHOSPHURS
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TUNGSTATE OBSOLETE IN 70'S RARE EARTH PHOSPHURS LIKE GADOLINIUM, LANTHNUM, YTTRIUM ARE 4X'S AS EFFICIENTspectral emission
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CAMP COVENTRY
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ANGLED 40* CAUDAD THRU KNEE JOINT TO CENTER OF IR IF LEG IS 40* & 50* IF LEG IS 50*
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HOLMBLAD
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AFFECTED KNEE FLEXED SO ANGLE BETWEEN FEMUR & TABLE IS 70*
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3 FUNCTIONS OF CASSETTE
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PROTECT FROM LIGHT RIGID STRUCTURE PROTECTS FILM CONTAIN INTENSIFYING SCREENS KEEPS CLOSE TO FILM
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INTENSIFYING SCREENS
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FLAT SURFACE COATED W FLUORESCENT CRYSTALS CALLED PHOSPHURS.
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99%
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HOW MUCH OF XRAY IMAGE IS FORMED BY SCREEN LIGHT
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PURPOSE OF INTENSIFYING SCREENS
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REDUCE AMOUNT AMOUNT OF EXPOSURE REQUIRED TO MAKE XRAY
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SCREEN CONSTRUCTION
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POLYESTER BASE SUPPORT LAYER W ADHESIVE CAOT TO HOLD PHOSPHURS IN THIN LAYER. CLEAR COAT PREVENTS STAINS & WEAR TO CRYSTAL LAYER 1MM THICK
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SCREEN SPEED EFFICIENCY IN CONVERTING XRAYS TO LIGHT
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RELATIVE SPEED(RS) 100 SPEED STANDARD AGAINST ALL MEASURED SCREEN W 200 SPEED TWICE AS FAST AT HALF EXPOSURE 300-400 USED FOR GENERAL PURPOSE
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SCREEN SPEED VS RECORDED DETAIL
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PG 93
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SCREEN PHOSPHURS
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TUNGSTATE OBSOLETE IN 70'S RARE EARTH PHOSPHURS LIKE GADOLINIUM, LANTHNUM, YTTRIUM ARE 4X'S AS EFFICIENTspectral emission
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spectral emission
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color of light emitted
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care & cleaning
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screens build up static charge attracting dust & dirt
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ARTIFACTS
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UNWANTED MARKS OR IMAGES
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CLEAN SCREENS EVERY
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3 MONTHS
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USE GAUZE, EVER POUR CLEANER DIRECTLY ON SCRREN &
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LET DRY COMPLETELY AT LEAST 15 MINS
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TO CHECK FILM SCREEN CONTACT PERFORM A
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CONTACT MESH TEST
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IN AP KNEE TO BETTER SEE JOINT SPACE ANGLE CR 5*
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CEPHALAD
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MEDIAL BONE IN LOWER LEG IS
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TIBIA
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CR FOR TOES IS PERPENDICULAR TO
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MTP JOINT
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LOWER LEG PROJECTION PLACE IR
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1-2IN BEYOND JOINT OF PRIMARY INTREST
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CORONAL PLANE OF FOOT FORMS ANGLED W IR FOR AN OBLIQUE
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30*
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LATERAL ANKLE, FOOT SHOULD BE DORSIFLEXED TO LOWER LEG
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90*
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INTERRARSAL JOINTS ARE JOINTS
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HINGE
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FLEXES KNEE 70*& CR PERPENDICULAR TO MIDDLE OF KNEE JOINT
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HOLMBLAD
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PROXIMAL FEMUR FILM IS PLACED ALONG SUPERIOR MARGIN OF
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ASIS
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DIGITS2-5 HAVE LONG BONES
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3
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CR USING VIEW OF KNEE ANGLED TO PASS BETWEEN PATELLA & DISTAL FEMUR
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AP AXIAL
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ARTICULAR SURFACE OF EACH FEMORAL CONDYLE CUSHIONED BY CSHAPED CARTILAGE IS CALLED
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MENISCUS
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LATERAL TO IN THE MIDFOOT IS THE CUBOID
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CUNEIFORM
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PA KNEE DONE IF IS OF PERTICULAR INTEREST
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PATELLA
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FORMS UPPER PORTION OF PELVIS
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ILIUM
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ILIUM, ISCHIUM, & PUBIS MAKE UP BONE
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HIP
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KNEE IS A TYPE JOINT
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HINGE
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USING HOLMBLAD THE MAS SHOULD INCREASED BY TO COMPENSATE FOR THICKNESS OF DISTAL FEMUR
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50%
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THERE ARE SHORT BONES OF WRIST
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8
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LATERAL FEMUR LEG SHOULD BE FLEXED
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30*-40*
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BASIC AP PELVIS,FILM PLACED 1-2IN ABOVE
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ILIAC CREST
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AXIAL OF HEEL REQUIRES CR TO BE ANGLED
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40* CEPHALAD
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CAMP COVENTRY & HOLMBLAD DEMONSTRATE
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INTERCONDYLAR FOSSA
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CR ON AP THUMB IS PERPENDICULAR TO
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1ST MCP JOINT
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ALTERNATIVE LATERAL HIP (DANIELIUS MILLER) TUBE IS POSITIONED PERPENDICULAR TO FILM THRU
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GROIN
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BONES OF WRIST REFERRED TO AS
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CARPALOR CARPUS
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AP OF THUMB USUALLY OBTAINED W THUMB AT A ANGLE TO CASSETTE
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90*
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ACETABULUM
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IS THE SOCKET OF THE HIP JOINT
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AP HIP THE FEET SHOULD BE ROTATED DEGREES MEDIALLY
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15*
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DISTAL FEMUR BOTTOM OF FILM SHOULD BE PLACED 1-2IN KNEE JOINT
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BELOW
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CR FOR PA CLAVICLE IS 15-30*
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CAUDAD TO MID CLAVICLE
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CR FOR AP HIP PERPENDICULAR TO MID FEMORAL
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PERPENDICULAR TO MIDPOINT OF IR
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ROUTINE LATERAL ELBOW
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ELBOW IS FLEXED 90*
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FLARES JUST BELOW NECK ON PROXIMAL END OF FEMUR ARE CALLED
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GREATER & LESSER TROCHANTER
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BONES RESIDE IN TENDONS
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SEASMOID
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BASIC PA/OBLIQUE ANKLE CR IS PERPENDICULAR TO POINT MIDWAY BETWEEN
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MALLEOLUS/MALLEOLI (PLURAL)
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STRUCTURES SEEN ON SHOULDER ARE JOINT, CLAVICLE, PROXIMAL 1/3 OF HUMEROUS AND
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LESSER TUBERCLE IN PROFILE
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ROUTINE FOREARM PROJECTIONS ARE AP &
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LATERAL
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FROGLEG LATERAL, THE CR IS PERPENDICULAR TO THE MIDFEMORAL
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NECK
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