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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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1. Basic definition of achalasia
2. 3 general anomalies found in achalasia |
1. failure of esophagus to relax
2. --increased LES tone --aperistalsis --decreased LES relaxation w/ swallowing |
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2 key pathologic changes in achalasia
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1. increased esophageal dilation above LES
2. decreased myenteric ganglia |
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1. Condition that leads to esophageal varices
2. Clinical presentation of varices |
1. portal HTN causes increased venous volume at portal/systemic anastomoses
2. assymptomatic until rupture (high mortality) |
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1. 2 common location of Malloy-Weiis tears
2. General cause of M-W tears 3. Name for severe form* |
1. gastroesophageal jxn, gastric cardia
2. severe vomiting/retching 3. BoerHaave syndrome - a rupture from severe heaving |
3. Been heaving
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2 common causes of infectious esophagitis
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fungal (Canida)
virus (CMV, HSV) |
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5 general causes of reflux esophagitis (GERD)
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1. decreased LES tone
2. sliding hiatal hernia 3. slowed clearance of refluxed contents 4. decreases gastric emptying 5. decreased repair capacity |
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1. What is Barrett's esophagus?
2. What is a common cause?* 3. 2 criteria for Dx 4. Major risk factor for what?* |
1. switch in distal esophagus from non-keratinized str sq to sim columnar
2. GERD 3. endoscopic salmon color (NL = white), histologic goblet cells 4. Adenocarcinoma |
BARRett's: Becomes adenocarcinoma, results from reflux
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2 types of hiatal hernia
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1. sliding: stomach and esophagus push up through esophagus
2. rolling: only a segment of stomach pushes up |
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Contrast the common locations of squamous cell carcinoma & adenocarcinoma in the esophagus
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squamous cell: upper 2/3
adenocarcinoma: lower 1/3 |
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Describe how the incidences of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma have changed in the US
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squamous cell incidence decreased
adenocarcinoma incidence increased |
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List the ABCDEF risk factors of esophageal cancer
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Alcohol/Achalasia
Barrett's esophagus Cigarettes Diverticuli Esophagitis/Esophageal webs Familial |
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