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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Arboviral Hemorrhagic Fever Review
- Lethal Dz? - clinical characters of syndrome? x8 - Begins with what symptoms x3 - Progresses to what symptoms? x4 - Leads to what? x2 |
Potentially
Fever, Malaise Vomiting, Myalgia Mucosal & GI bleed* Hypotension, Edema Flushing Conjunctival Injection Petechial hemorhage Frank mucosal hemorrhage Circulatory Collapse Hyptotension Shock DIC Multisystem Organ Failure |
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Yellow Fever Virus:
- Family - Genus - First reported case in New World & Europe |
Family Flaviviridae
Genus Flavivirus 1600's |
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Yellow Fever Virus:
Outbreaks in port cities until when? Last US epidemic was where and when? |
1900's
1905, New Orleans (>3000 cases & 452 deaths) |
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Yellow Fever Virus:
- What happened in 1901 - When was the causative agent isolated? |
First filterable human pathogen by Walter Reed
1928 |
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Yellow fever Virus - First Vaccine
- Components - Name - Discovered when? - By whom? |
Live attenuated
17D vaccine 1930's Max Theiler (Nobel Prize - 1952) |
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Yellow Fever Virus:
- reservoir host - vectors - most transmissions occur where? x2 |
Monkeys
Mosquitoes Sub-Sahara Africa South America |
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T/F - Yellow fever has been reportedly transmitted in Asia.
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False.
Just b/c it says yellow fever, don't mean that asians want it. |
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Yellow Fever Virus:
- S. America cases/year - what population group? |
100 cases/year
Young males (agricultural/forestry workers) |
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Yellow Fever Virus:
- African cases/year x2 |
30 - 1000 epidemic cases/year
~200,000 endemic cases/year |
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Discuss the expanding nature of Yellow Fever virus currently. x2
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Re-emergence in part of Africa
Re-establishment of urban YFV mosquito vector in SE US. |
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Yellow Fever Virus Clinicals:
- List the two TYPES of manifestations. - List symptoms under each x7 and x2 |
1. Hepatic induced coagulopathy & hemorrhage manifestations
- "black vomit" & bloody diarrhea - Epistaxis & Gum bleeding - Petechial, ecchymotic, or pupuric hemorrhage. 2. Systemic manisfestions - deeping jaundice - albuminuria |
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What is a poor indicator of prognosis in early Yellow Fever virus?
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Early Jaundice (day 3)
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What lab test will reflect the degree of hepatic injury?
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Transaminase elevations.
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What late stage symptoms arise in Yellow Fever? x6
What about late CNS manifestations? |
Metabolic Acidosis
Acute Tubular Necrosis Myocardial Dysfunction Arrythmia Hypotension Shock Seizure Confusion Coma |
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What is the prognosis of Yellow fever from onset of symptoms?
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Death usually follows in 7-10 days.
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Rift Valley Fever Virus:
- Family - Genus - Outbreaks found where? x2 - Has it spread? x2 - Is it a threat? x2 |
Bunyaviridae
Phlebovirus Sub-Sahara & North Africa In 2000, Saudi Arabia and Yemen were first cases outside of Africa. Threatens Asia and Europe |
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Rift Valley Fever Virus:
- Primarily affects what? |
Livestock
sheep, cattle, camels, goats... |
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Discuss the epizootic outbreaks associated with Rift Valley Fever Virus.
- when? - signaled by? |
Epizootic outbreaks in years of heavy rainfall and flooding.
Signaled "Abortion storm" amongst livestock. |
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Humans are infected by Rift Valley Fever virus in what three ways?
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1. Mosquito vector
2. Contact with blood, or other bodily fluids/infected organs. 3. Inhalation of aerosolized virus |
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Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
- Family - Genus - Reservoir Host - Vector - Endemic where? x3 - Recent outbreaks where? x5 |
Bunyaviridae
Nairovirus Rodents TICKS Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe Pakistan Albania Kosova Iran South Africa |
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Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever:
- severity - fatality |
SEVERE in humans
HIGH mortality rate |
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During Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever epizootic, humans get infected in what two ways?
What groups are at risk? |
Tick vector bite
Contact with blood, bodily fluids, or infected organs Majority of agricultural & slaughterhouse workers, vets.... |
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For arboviral hemorrhagic fevers, of paramount importance to differential diagnosis are: x4
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1. Place of residence and/or exposure
2. Occurence/serodiagnosis of similar cases in community 3. Prior exposure/infection 4. Specific symptoms are typically NOT diagnostic |
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T/F - In arboviral Hemorrhagic Fevers, the specific symptoms prove to be a diagnostic.
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False
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The Yellow Fever Virus 17D Vaccine:
- name of the YSF strain isolated in 1928. - what is down to the viral isolate? |
Asibi
Passaged through mouse brain and chick embryo tissue ~ 200x's to attenuate virus |
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The YFV 17D Vaccine:
- how safe? - how efficacious - last how long? |
Among safest
Most efficacious viral vaccine available Long-lasting immunity |
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THE YFV 17D Vaccine:
- Grown in what? - Safety tested? |
Embryonated eggs
In monkeys |
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The YFV 17D Vaccine:
- annual production? - what country uses it the most? - recommended for whom - contraindicated for whom? x3 |
13 million
Brazil 11 million People traveling to endemic areas Pregnant women Infants under 6 months old Immunocompromised people |
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If Yellow Fever Virus re-emerged in urban areas, would we have enough of the stock-piled vaccine?
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NO.
Not enough. |
