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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two distinct clinical syndromes caused by VZV?
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Varicella (Chickenpox)
Zoster (Shingles) |
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VZV:
- natural host - prevalence - transmission |
Humans
Worldwide Airborne |
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What type of disease is varicella in terms of population group, severity, and immunity?
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Normal childhood disease that is benign and confers lifelong protective immunity.
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T/F - The uniformity of the pox marks on a patient will reveal the stage of the disease.
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False:
Different stages/sizes |
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What are the two types of complications possibly seen in Varicella?
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Bacterial SUPERinfection of skin lesions
CNS involvement (rare) |
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Though rare, what type of CNS involvement can occur with Varicella? x3
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Reye's syndrome
Peripheral neuritis Meningoencephalitis |
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Can you give ASA to Varicella patients?
Why or why not? What else can you give? |
No. Contraindicated
As an antipyretic has been associated with the development of Reye's syndrome. Use acetominophen |
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What age group is most susceptible to varicella complications?
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Adults (20 yrs and older)
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What complication might be seen with neonates?
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Neonatal varicella
Disseminated due to lack of neonatal immune response |
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What type of complication can be seen in immunosuppressed?
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Persistent viremia
involving liver, lung, and CNS |
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What lab test is needed for varicella diagnosis and why?
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None needed b/c clinical symptoms so distinctive.
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For primary varicella in immunocompetent children, what is the treatment?
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No specific treatment.
Lotion for itching. |
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What is the treatment approved by the FDA for varicella?
Alternative? |
Acyclovir
Immune globulin (VZIG - Varicella-Zoster immune globulin) |
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Vaccine name and dosage for varicella.
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Varivax
2nd dose is WARRANTED b/c protection wanes to 84% in 2-8 years. |
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What three problems exist with the Varivax vaccine?
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1. NOT absolute protection
2. NOT protect against zoster 3. MAY ACTIVATE Zoster |
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Zoster is also known as what?
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Shingles
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Zoster is predominantly seen in what age group?
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+60 yrs old
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How does Zoster transmit?
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Reactivation of latent VZV
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Zoster symptoms.
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UNILATERAL painful vesicular eruptions
localized to head, upper trunk, or buttocks. |
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Severe systemic infections of Zoster are seen in whom?
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Immunocompromised
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What are the complications of Zoster?
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Postherpetic neuralgia
(debilitating pain) Repeated attacks (motor paralysis) |
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Laboratory tests needed for Zoster diagnosis.
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None needed
b/c distinct clinical symptoms. |
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Zoster treatment plan
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In general there is NO NEED FOR ANTIVIRALS!!!
Acyclovir, valciclovir, and famciclovir is approved by FDA. Analgesics for pain. Corticosteroids (controversial) |
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Zoster Vaccine
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Zostavax
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HHV-6 has how many variants and name them.
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Two variants exist
HHV-6A HHV-6B |
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HHV6:
- natural host - prevalence - transmission |
humans
common, approaching 100% seroprevalence person to person (exposure to secretions) |
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What is Roseola?
Caused by what virus |
Common, mild febrile disease of infants.
Caused by HHV6 |
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What is the symptoms of Roseola?
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Fever (few days)
Followed by rash (that resolves spontaneously) |
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What are the complications of Roseola? x5
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High Fever
Invasion of CNS Vomiting Diarrhea Hepatosplenomegaly |
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The most serious disease manifestations of HHV6 are seen in what population group?
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Recipients of bone marrow or solid organ transplant
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What is the diagnostic lab used for HHV-6?
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Detect viral antigen using:
Direct Immunofluorescence ELISA Techniques |
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What are the treatments for HHV-6? x2
What is it commonly resistant to? |
Ganciclovir
Foscarnet Resistant to Acyclovir |
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What is the vaccine used for HHV-6?
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NONE
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