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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the leading bacteria in terms of death?
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Strep. Pneumoniae
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Strep. Pneumoniae victims are? x4
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Very young
Elderly Immunocompromised Individual w/ ANTECEDENT Respiratory Infections |
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Strep Pneumoniae
- Gram? - describe morphology - oxygen dependency? - capsule? |
- positive
- Diplococcus - Aerotolerant anaerobe - Only virulent strains |
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Strep. Pneumoniae
- usually soluble in? |
Bile
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Strep. Pneumoniae
- reservoirs |
Asymptomatically colonizes
upper respiratory tract of humans (1/3 all humans colonized at some point) |
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T/F - Strep. Pneumoniae reservoirs are seasonal?
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True
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Strep. Pneumoniae's reservoirs are asymptomatic, so when does it pose a threat?
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When host defenses compromised by DESTRUCTION of CILIARY cells
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Strep. Pneumoniae
- Pathogenesis x5 |
1. Ciliated cell defense compromised
2. Aspiration of bacteria into lung (avoid phag. w/ poly. capsule) 3. Release of bactera components elicits inflammatory response & recruits phag. cells. 4. "Frustrated Phagocytosis" damages Lung Tissue 5. Patient becomes CYANOTIC due to lack of oxygen |
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Strep. Pneumoniae
- symptoms x4 Consistency of these symptoms? |
Fever
Chills Cough with Blood in sputum Chest pain Not all pts exhibit classic symptoms. |
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Strep. Pneumoniae
- Mortality rate - Prognosis usually? |
5%, but some serotypes (3) higher
Rapid recovery with therapy Complete radiological resolution in 2 to 3 weeks |
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Strep. Pneumoniae Dz:
Sinusitis & Otitis Media - Usually preceded by? - Pathogenesis x2 |
- viral infection of upper respiratory tract
- PMN infiltrate & Obstruction of sinuses & ear canal |
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Strep. Pneumoniae Dz:
Sinusitis & Otitis Media - seen in what population group? |
OM : young children
Sinusitis: all ages |
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Strep. Pneumoniae Dz:
Meningitis Strep. Pneumoniae can spread into CNS after? x3 |
- Bacteremia
- Infection of ear/sinus - Trauma (causing communication btw subarachnoid space and nasopharynx) |
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Strep. Pneumoniae Dz:
Meningitis Pathogenesis |
Sp attaches to meninges
Inflammation ensues BBB compromised |
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Strep. Pneumoniae Dz:
Meningitis - Symptoms x6 |
Fever
Irritability Drowsiness (early stages) Neck stiffness Seizures Coma (later stages) |
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Strep. Pneumoniae Dz:
Meningitis - can result in? x5 |
Blindness
Paralysis Hearing loss (deafness) Learning disability Death |
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Strep. Pneumoniae Dz:
Bacteremia - occurs in pts with what Dz? - does NOT occur in pts with what Dz? |
- pneumonia (25-30%)
- meningitis (>80%) - NOT with sinusitis/OM |
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Strep. Pneumoniae Dz:
- can result in? |
ENDOcarditis
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Strep. Pneumoniae Dz:
- Major Virulence factor? |
Capsule
(antiphagocytic) (composed of polysaccharide >90 structures) |
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Strep. Pneumoniae Dz:
- List virulence factors. x4 |
Capsule
Pneumolysin PG, Teichoic acid Host Inflammatory mechanism |
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Strep. Pneumoniae Dz:
Virulence factor - describe effects of Pneumolysin x3 |
Activates complement
Represses Oxidative burst of Phag. Toxin for cells |
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Strep. Pneumoniae Dz:
Virulence factor - describe effects of Teichoic acid & PG |
Activates complement
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Strep. Pneumoniae Dz:
Virulence factor - what are host inflammatory mechanisms utilized by Sp. x2 - describe effects of Host inflammatory mechanisms |
Activated complement
"Frustrated Phagocytes" Tissue damage |
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Strep. Pneumoniae Dz:
Virulence factor - describe effects of being Naturally Transformable |
Can acquire drug resistance
(new capsular polysaccharide genes) |
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Strep. Pneumoniae Tx
- difficult to tx b/c? - all strains sensitive to? |
ubiquitous organism
Vacomycin |
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Strep. Pneumoniae Tx.
- Vaccine against? - Vaccine NOT effective for? |
capsule
Pts with high risk for developing Sp disease such as young children or elderly. Thus vaccine is of limited utility |
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Strep. Pneumoniae Spread
- spread how? - in what places? |
Extensive, Close Contact
Day care centers, military camps, prisons, homeless shelters, nursing homes..... |
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Strep. Pneumoniae
- list the Dz associated x5 |
Pneumonia
OM / Sinusitis Bacteremia Meningitis |
