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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the basic components of an antibody?
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2 Identical heavy chains
2 Identical light chains |
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What three things do all heavy and light chains have in common in terms of structure?
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Variable regions
Constant regions Disulfide bonds |
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Light Chain:
- # of domains (specify) - # of constant regions (specify) |
2
(1 Variable & 1 Constant) 2 (Kappa & Lambda) |
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Heavy Chain:
- # of domains (specify) - # of constant regions (specify) |
4-5
(1 Variable & 3-4 Constant) 5 (gamma, mu, alpha, delta, epsilon) |
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Two general types of antibodies in terms of location.
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Membrane bound (B-cells)
Secreted |
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What determines the antibody ISOTYPES (class)? What are they?
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The constant region
Gamma Mu Alpha Delta Epsilon |
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The biological activity region is where on antibody?
What does it do? |
Constant region of heavy chain
Interacts with proteins, complements, mast cells, etc |
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The variable domains region is where and does what?
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First ~100 amino acids on N-terminus of heavy/light chain
Antigen binding region |
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The antigen binding occurs specifically where?
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In the pocket where Variable-Heavy (VH) & Variable-light (VL) come together.
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What is an epitope?
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Potion of antigen that is recognized by antibody/B-cell
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Epitope specificity is determined by what?
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3 hypervariable regions (CDR's)
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T/F - Two B-cells will secrete the same Ig's.
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False, due to VDJ recombination
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VDJ Recombination is what?
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Process of rearrangement of Ig locus
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Describe the structure of B-cells:
- During maturation - After maturation - After activation |
VBJ rearrangement
Variable gene segment rearrangement does NOT change Heavy chain's CONSTANT region changes, but NOT the epitope specificity. |
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Functions of IgG
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Pretty much all, EXCEPT for:
B-cell antigen receptor Trigger Mast cell degranulation |
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IgM functions
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Complement activation (PRIMARY)
B-cell activation Antigen binding |
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IgA functions
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Naive memory
Antigen binding |
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IgD functions
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B-cell antigen receptor
Antigen binding |
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IgE functions
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Triggers Mast Cell Degranulation (PRIMARY)
Naive memory Antigen binding |
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How are subclasses in Ig differentiated?
Which immunoglobulins have subclasses? |
Based on # and arrangement of DISULFIDE bonds
IgG & IgA |
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Describe the plasma concentrations of immunoglobulins.
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IgG > IgA > IgM
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Which immunoglobulin crosses the placental barrier?
What mediates this transfer? |
IgG
FcRB ("Brambell" receptor) |
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IgA:
- predominant where? - how do they get there? - transfer mediated by what? |
Mucosal secretions
Cross epithelial cell layer Polyimmunoglobulin receptors |
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IgE is associated with what cells?
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Mast cells and Basophils
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What would you expect as the immunoglobulin count in CNS for a healthy individual?
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LOW
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What happens to B-cells if they don't see an antigen?
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They Die
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What happens to B-cells if they do see an antigen?
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Activation
Class Switching Differentiation |
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For B-cell activation, what is needed? x2
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1. Binding of antigen to Ig
2. CD4 T helper cells |
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What can B-cells be differentiated into?
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Plasma cells (Ab secreting)
Memory cells (non-secreting) |
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What is the PRIMARY response to an initial antigen exposure?
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1. Long lag phase
2. IgM is first responder 3. Gradual switch to IgG 4. Low affinity antibodies |
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What is the SECONDARY response to antigen exposure?
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1. Short lag phase
2. Predominantly IgG 3. Rapid rise in titer 4. High affinity antibodies |
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What are the 5 effector functions of antibodies?
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Opsonization
Complement activation ADCC Neutralization of virus/bacteria Neutralization of toxins/venoms |
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What does an antibody neutralize?
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Binds to virus/bacteria/toxins/venoms
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