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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 drinks would be equivalent to what blood EtOH % increase?
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0.05%
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Ethanol induced cytochrome 450 2E1 can increase toxicity of what agent?
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Acetaminophen
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What are the two enzymes responsible for EtOH metabolism?
Which is greater in number? |
Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH)
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (greater in number) |
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What is the average alcohol clearance rate?
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0.015 to 0.02% per hour.
One hour per 1 or 2 drinks consumed |
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Ethanol metabolism:
- order? - saturation? - dependent on concentration? - why or why not? |
zero order
generally yes Not dependent Due to saturation of elmination mechanism |
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Can alcohol elimination be increased easily?
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No, but can be almost doubled in chronic alcoholics.
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List the three major DIRECT, molecular actions of ethanol.
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NMDA receptor is suppressed
Altered membrane properties GABA-Cl channel is activated |
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List two INDIRECT molecular actions of ethanol.
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Acetaldehyde forms adducts in liver
Free radicals via metabolism |
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Ethanol is associated with what two deficiencies?
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Folate
Thiamine |
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Provide an example of genetic loci implicated in EtOH sensitivity and addiction.
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GABA receptor subunits
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T/F - Alcohol sensitivity and preference is mediated one specific gene.
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False - many genes
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What are the three most common diseases INDIRECTLY caused by alcohol.
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Acute/Chronic pancreatitis
Cirrhosis of the liver CA of esophagus/lip/mouth |
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What are the three most common injuries INDIRECTLY caused by alcohol?
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MVA
Arson accidents Homicide/Purposeful injury |
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Alcoholism decreases life expectancy by an average of how many years?
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15 years
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What is the lower limit of alcohol consumption during pregnancy?
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NO such thing
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Questions for alcoholics? x4
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1. Have you ever felt you should CUT down on your drinking?
2. Have people ANNOYED you by criticizing your drinking? 3. Have you ever felt GUILTY about your drinking 4. Have you ever had a drink in the morning to get over a hang over? (EYE opener) |
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What is the treatment for alcohol withdrawal syndrome?
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Fluids
Benzodiazepines Supportive therapy |
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What is the target organ primarily associated with tolerance?
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Brain
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Alcohol induced decrease of folic acid and thiamine, causes what blood systemic problem?
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Anemia
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What does EtOH do to the musculoskeletal system? x2
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Muscle damage
Decrease bone mass (fx risk) |
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T/F - EtOH incrases the risk of hepatitus C.
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True
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What is the theory as to why alcoholics have poorer prognosis than non-alcoholics during hospital stays?
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Withdrawal can be immunosuppressive
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T/F - EtOH predisposes to mental problems.
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No clear answer if one predisposes the other or vise versa.
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What are the three pharmacological drugs used to treat alcoholism, and what is their mechanism?
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Disulfiram (Antabuse) - decreases acetaldehyde metabolism.
Naloxone (Naltrexone) - decreases cravings. Acamprosate - GABA analog |
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What is the name of the Clinician's guide to alcoholism?
Where does it come from? |
"Helping patients who drink too much."
NIAAA |
