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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the drugs used to treat depressive disorders? x5
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SSRI
SNRI MAOI TCA Atypical Antidepressants |
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What are the drugs used to treat mania and bipolar disorder? x3
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Lithium
Anti-epileptics, Benzodiazepines Carbamezapine Valproic acid (anti-convulsive) ECT |
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Discuss the catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders.
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Increased catecholominergic activity is associated with elevated mood.
Decreased catecholominergic activity is associated with depression. |
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Evidence for the catecholamine hypothesis. x2
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Agonist (e.g. - amphetamine) elevate mood.
Amine-depleting drugs (e.g. - reserpine) depress mood. |
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Evidence against the catecholamine hypothesis. x3
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Effects of amine depleting drugs (e.g. - reserpine) do not mimic depression.
Depression is associated with increased catecholaminergic activity. Mania is not associated with increased NE activity. |
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Biological markers of depression. x4
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Cortisol elevation
CSF MHPG elevation Escape from Dexamethasone suppresion Tryptophan low |
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TCA
- physiological mechanism - antimuscarinic side effect x6 - antihistaminergic side effect - anti-alpha1-adrenergic side effect x2 |
Inhibition of NE and serotonin reuptake
Blurry vision Confusion Dry mouth Constipation Urinary retention Mild tachycardia Sedation Postural hypotension Sedation |
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SSRI
- physiological mechanism - side effects |
Selective inhibition of 5-HT reuptake
Sexual dysfunction Insomnia Nervousness, anxiety |
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What are the symptoms of Serotonin syndrome? x4
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Cardiovascular collapse
Hyperthermia Agitation Tremor |
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What is the Corticotropin Releasing Factor Hypothesis of Depression.
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Depression is caused by hypersecretion of CRF from neurons in the brain.
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Based on the Corticotropin Releasing Factor Hypothesis, Depressed patients exhibit:
- Plasma cortisol - Dexamethasone - CRF responsiveness - CRF concentration in CSF - CRF receptor concentration |
Elevated cortisol
Decreased sensitivity to dexamethasone Increased responsivity to CRF Increased CSF concentration of CRF Decreased CRF receptor concentration |
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Many depressed patients exhibit what in the urine?
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Increased NE and MHPG excretion.
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Lithium
- physiological mechanism |
Inhibits inositol phosphate phosphatase,
thus preventing inositol recycling. thus inhibiting NT-stimulated adenylyl cyclase |
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Lithium
- therapeutic range - sensitive to what drugs |
0.5 to 1.0 mM (toxic >1.5 mM)
Diuretics and anti-inflammatory drugs |
