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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the six stages of Sigmund Freud?
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1. Oral
2. Anal 3. Urethral 4. Phallic 5. Latency 6. Genital |
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Oedipal desires:
- occur when - what develops and why |
Freud's phallic stage
Superego develops to gain control |
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Freud's 1st stage:
- time frame - brief description - aggression character x2 - successful resolution x2 - pathology |
0-18 months
An infant's perceptions, expressions, and needs centered around lips, mouth, and tongue. Biting and spitting 1. Capacity to give and receive 2. Ability to rely on others with a sense of trust Extreme dependence on others |
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Frued's 2nd stage:
- time frame - primary task - focus character - fantasies - strive for what? |
1 to 3 years old
Gaining control over bladder and anal sphincters Shift from passive to active focus Children have fantasies of bombings and explosions Child strives for independence. |
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Anal Psychopathology
- arises from what dilemma |
HOLD ON
or LET GO |
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Freud's 4rd stage:
- time frame - brief description - identification with - successful resolution |
3-5 years old
Child discovers penis/clitoris, so they play around. This causes parents to say, "don't do that," leading to guild. Develops identification with same-sex parent (part of resolution) Identity/curiosity as a sexual person, with confidence, without embarrassment |
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What is the major flaw of Freud's Phallic stage theory?
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Children often tend to prefer parent who is most attentive and responsive
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Freud's 5th stage:
- time frame - precedes what - what is latent? - what happens at this stage - successful resolution x2 |
6-12 years old
Prepubescence Sexual drives sublimated Time is spent (in clubs or with same genders) to consolidate identity as that gender in that social/cultural context Ego maturation and skill building |
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An excess of inner control during latency can lead to what? and why?
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Premature closure of personality development
with predominant obsessive character traits Too much influence of super ego. |
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Freud's 6th stage:
- time frame - brief description - what is going on physically? - successful resolution? |
Puberty to young adulthood
Peer group identification facilitates further separation from parents Hormones Integration of adult roles for new adaptation |
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Erickson's Autonomy vs. Shame
- what does that mean - which Freud stage |
Child's strive for independence
Anal stage |
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Erickson's "Identity Diffusion"
- means what - what Freud stage |
Failure to resolve adolescent issues
Genital Stage |
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What are the stages of Jean Piaget's Cognitive Development?
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Sensorimotor Stage
Preoperational Thought Concrete Operations Formal Operations |
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Sensorimotor Stage:
- Birth to 2 months - 2nd to 9th months - 9th to 1 year - 12th to 18th months - 18th month to 2 years |
ACCOMMODATION with external world using inborn motor and sensory reflexes.
(stimulus-and-response) Coordinate 5 senses and activities of own body (e.g. - thumb sucking) Peekaboo. Vague notion objects exist apart from itself. Walking & anticipates consequence Symbolization of object with visual image or word (e.g. - "ball") |
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Object Permanence
- definitions - beginning of what? - what stage |
Child differentiates self from external world, realizing objects have an existence independent of child's involvement with them.
Reasoning Piaget Sensorimotor Stage |
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Preoperational thought
- Time frame - Type of thinking - Type of logic - Type of association |
2 to 7 years
Intuitive without reason Not linked by any logic (drops glass, no idea that glass breaking is due to drop) No ability to sense sameness (e.g. - doll in carriage, crib, or in chair all different objects) |
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Represent things in terms of their function.
- which stage - example |
Preoperational thought
bike as "to ride" hole as "to dig" |
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Development of two word utterances of noun with verb.
- which stage |
Preoperational thought
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T/F - During Preoperational Thought, children have a rudimentary understanding of good vs. bad, as well as moral dilemmas.
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True and False
Children DO have a rudimentary understanding of good vs. bad. They can not deal with moral dilemmas. If asked who is more guilty, one who breaks 1 dish or 10 dishes, they will say latter, based on the fact 10 is more than 1. |
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Piaget's stage when a child is egocentric.
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Preoperational thought
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Phenomenalistic Causality
- define - what stage |
Events that occur together are thought to cause on another.
e.g. - thunder causes lightening Piaget's Preoperational Thought |
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Animistic thinking
- define - what stage |
Giving lifelike psychological attributes (feelings and intentions) to physical events and objects.
Piaget's Preoperational Thought |
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Semiotic function
- define - what stage |
Understands drawing a picture is fun and signifies something else in the real world.
Piaget's Preoperational thought |
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Concrete Operations
- Time Frame - Character |
7 - 11 years
Limited logic to order and group objects |
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Syllogism
- define - what stage |
Logical conclusion based on two premises
Piaget's Concrete Operations |
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Reversibility
- define - what stage |
Concept whereby one thing can change into another form/state than back again.
(e.g. - ice/water/steam) Piaget's Concrete Operations |
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Conservation
- example - what stage |
10 ounces of fluid in short wide vessel is poured into tall thin glass. the amount of fluid is same.
Piaget's Concrete Operation |
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What stage does the emergence of a moral sense, and a code of values arise in children?
Can they follow these rules at this stage? |
Piaget's Concrete Operation
yes |
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Formal Operations:
- time frame - general characters x5 |
11 y.o. to end of adolescence
Abstract (50%) Permutations Combinations Probabilities Deductive Reasoning |
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What did Carol Gilligan, a Harvard scholar, state in her book, In A Different Voice?
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Boys and girls arrive at different strategies in moral reasoning.
Boys tend to focus on legal imperatives and consequences Girls endorse acts based on emotional and interpersonal considerations. |
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During what Piaget stage do children believe they are invincible and grandiose, possibly accomplishing things and events with thought alone?
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Formal Operation
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According to Piaget, hospitalized children during 0 to 2 years old suffer from what and why?
What should be done? |
Suffer from Separation Anxiety
b/c they have not achieved object permanence Mothers should stay overnight with them |
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For children at the preoperational stage, how would you describe medical situations and procedures? and why?
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Role playing
b/c they don't understand cause and effect. They may believe that physical illness may be due to bad thoughts or deeds. |
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According to Piaget, adults under stress will do what?
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Regress cognitively
possibly animistic, preoperational, egocentric |
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Eriksonian stages are based upon what principle?
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Epigenetic principle
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What are the stages of Erikson's?
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1. Trust vs. Mistrust
2. Autonomy vs. Shame 3. Initiative vs. Guilt 4. Industry vs. Inferior 5. Identity vs. Role Diffusion 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation 8. Integrity vs. Despair |
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Erikson's Trust vs. Mistrust
- stage? - time period? - brief description? |
1
Birth to 1 year old Interaction of mother tending to child will satisfy trust. |
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Oral crisis
- stage? - brief description |
Erikson's Trust vs. Mistrust
Baby starts teething, causing nipple withdrawal. |
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Autonomy vs. Shame
- stage? - time period? - brief description? - Corresponds to what other stage? |
2
1 to 3 years old Child develops autonomy via early walking, talking, and separation from others ("I," "me," and ect.) Freud's Anal stage |
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Erikson's Initiative vs. Guilty
- stage? - time period? - brief description? - corresponds to what other stage? |
3
3 to 5 years old Normal curiosity leads to exhibition and self touching Phallic stage |
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Sibling rivalry occurs when?
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Erikson's Initiative vs. Guilt stage.
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Industry vs. Inferiority
- stage? - time period? - brief description? - corresponds to what other stage - corresponds to what other stage? |
4
6 to 11 years old Child is busy building, creating, accomplishing Freud's latency period |
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Identity vs. Role Diffusion
- stage? - time period? - brief description? |
5
11 y.o. to end of adolescence Development of ego identity. Preoccupied with hero worship, appearance, and ideologies. |
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Intimacy vs. Isolation
- stage? - time period? - brief description? - intimacy character? - isolation character |
6
21 y.o. to 40 y.o. Developmental tasks of love and work. Self abandonment for friendship and lifelong attachments....productive meaningful work Paranoia (scizoid fears intimacy) |
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Generativity vs. Stagnation
- stage? - time period? - brief description? - generativitity character - stagnation character - stagnation can lead to what? |
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45 y.o. to 60 y.o. Raising and guiding children. Provide love and nurture Self absorption, isolation, and failed expectation Depression and substance abuse |
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Integrity vs. Despair
- stage? - time period? - brief description? - Integrity character - Despair character - despair can lead to what? |
8
65+ Dependent on a sense of life's worth and productiveness Accepting one's place in life cycle (ready to retire) Belief that life was not rewarding nor meaningful. Fear of death. Suicide - highest for 65+ |
