Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Sleep Score is based on what three features?
|
EEG
EMG Eye movements |
|
|
What are the components of Sleep Stages?
|
Non REM (1,2,3, and 4)
REM |
|
|
Describe the normal sleep time for young adults.
|
Stage 1: 5%
Stage 2: 45% to 50% SWS: 20% to 25% REM: 20% to 25% |
|
|
What is SWS?
|
Slow Wave Sleep
AKA - Delta sleep Combines Non REM stage 3 & 4 |
|
|
Synchronization of patterns on EEG depends on what?
|
Interaction between cortex and thalamus.
|
|
|
"Wake" brains would exhibit what characters on EEG?
- frequency - amplitude - synchronization |
HIGH frequency
LOW amplitude Desynchronization (b/c different parts of brain are working on different things such as hearing, seeing, etc.) |
|
|
Non-REM sleep brains would exhibit what characters on EEG?
- frequency - amplitude - synchronization |
LOW frequency
HIGH amplitude Synchronization |
|
|
REM sleep brains would exhibit what characters on EEG?
- frequency - amplitude - synchronization |
HIGH frequency
LOW amplitude Greater desynchronization |
|
|
EEG represents what? measured on what?
|
Collective behavior of millions of cortical neurons
Measured on the scalp |
|
|
The brainstem is responsible for what in sleep?
|
Controls the switch for REM and non-REM sleep.
Ascending cortical activation |
|
|
The hypothalamus is responsible for what in sleep?
|
Controls the sleep-wake switch.
|
|
|
The Suprachiasmatic nucleus is responsible for what?
|
Controls the circadian clock
|
|
|
The thalamus is responsible for what in sleep?
|
Responsible for
cortical activation for stage 2, EEG synchronization, and generation of sleep spindles |
|
|
What are the NT associated with "WAKE" and describe the systems involved.
|
MONOAMINE SYSTEM
Histamine, NE, Dopamine, Serotonin CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM Acetylcholine (in Basal forebrain projecting to cortex; in Pons projecting to thalamus) |
|
|
What are the main categories of sleep as outlined by the ICSD?
|
1. Circadian rhythm sleep disorder
2. Hypersomnia (NOT DUE to sleep related breathing disorder) 3. Insomnia 4. Parasomnia 5. Sleep related breathing disorder (don't need to know the following) 6. Isolated symptoms 7. Sleep related movement disorder 8. Other sleeping disorder |
|
|
Psychophysiological Insomnia
- general definition |
Disorder of somatized tension and learned sleep preventing associations.
|
|
|
Psychophysiological insomnia
- onset - gender - often accompanies what? - acute or chronic? |
20s to 30s
Females Associated with EtOH or pills Can become chronic if not fixed during acute stages |
|
|
Pyschophysiological insomnia
- provoked by? - duration? |
Acute emotional arousal/conflict
Transient type lasts few weeks following termination of precipitating event. |
|
|
Psychophysiological insomnia
- characteristic symptoms |
Any combo of:
difficulty falling asleep intermittent awakenings premature morning arousal |
|
|
Primary Sequence of Sleep Apnea
|
1. Sleep
2. Apnea 3. Low O2, high CO2, low pH 4. Arousal from sleep 5. Resumption of airflow 6. Return to sleep |
|
|
Clinical features of sleep apneas x 9
|
1. Hypertension
2. Snoring, especially loud with pauses 3. Cardiorespiratory failure 4. Abnormal motor activity in sleep 5. Personality/Intellectual changes 6. Nocturnal enuresis 7. Excessive daytime sleeping 8. AM headaches 9. Sexual impotence |
|
|
Describe the cardiorespiratory failure associated with apneas.
|
Congestive Heart Failure
Dependent edema SOB Pulmonary HTN Polycythemia |
|
|
What are some characters of REM?
|
1. "Active" EEG
2. Erection / vaginal lubrication 3. "Hearing" 4. EOMs 5. Atonia 6. Dreaming |
|
|
Define cataplexy
|
Inappropriate intrusion of sleep atonia into AWAKEFULNESS, usually precipitated by a emotionally laden event.
|
|
|
Define Sleep Paralysis
|
Persistence of REM sleep atonia into wakefulness, resulting in wakeful mentation with somatic paralysis (spares eyes +/- respiration)
|
|
|
Define Hypnagogic
|
Hallucinations occuring at sleep onset
|
|
|
Define Hypnopompic
|
Hallucinations occuring on awakening
|
|
|
Describe Narcoleptic symptoms.
|
EDS (100%)
Cataplexy (70%) Sleep paralysis (30%) Hypnagagic hallucinations (25%) |
|
|
What is the new finding for narcolepsy
|
Hypocretin 1 NT dysfunction in the CSF has shown to be associated with narcolepsy.
|
|
|
What are the clinical manifestations of idiopathic hypersomnia?
|
1. Relentless excessive sleeping
2. Prolonged, non-fragmented sleep 3. Sleep drunkeness upon awakening 4. Prolonged daytime naps |
|
|
Describe obtaining the diagnosis for idiopathic hypersomnia.
|
1. History of pervasive, relentless sleep.
2. Hypersomnia by MSLT 3. REM normal by PSG nor MSLT 4. Unremarkable PSG 5. Nothing accounts for EDS |
