M2-C1-L40 --> Bone Tumors

Front 1

What is the most common type of malignant bone tumor?

Back 1

Metastatic bone tumor

Front 2

What is the most common tumor that can metastases on to bone?

Back 2

Carcinoma

Front 3

What is the most common BENIGN bone tumor?

Back 3

Osteochondroma

Front 4

Osteochondroma:

- what is it?

Back 4

Cartilage capped outgrowth attached to underlying skeleton.

Front 5

Osteochondroma:

- AKA
- population most affected
- Location

Back 5

Exostosis

Males under 20

Metaphysis of long bone
(40% in knee)

Front 6

Rarely, osteochondroma will give rise to what?

What will increase the risk for this?

Back 6

Chondrosarcoma

Osteochondromatosis
(Multiple Hereditary Exocytosis)

Front 7

Multiple Hereditary Exocytosis:

- AKA
- inheritance pattern
- chromosome

Back 7

Osteochondromatosis

AD

Chromosome 8, 11, 19

Front 8

What is chondroma?

Back 8

Benign tumor of hyaline cartilage

Front 9

Locations of chondroma. x4

Include names of chondroma that is seen there.

Back 9

Within bone
(enchondroma / intramedullary chondroma)

On surface
(periosteal / juxtacortical chondroma)

Soft tissue
(soft tissue chondroma)

Enchondromatosis
(as seen in Ollier's)

Front 10

Chondromas are most often found where on the bone?

Back 10

Within the bone

Front 11

Enchondroma:

- Age distribution
- Gender distribution

Back 11

10 - 30 yrs old

1:1 (M:F)

Front 12

Enchondroma:

- Location
- Cytologically similar to what?

Back 12

Medulla of Metaphysis & Diaphysis

Chondrosarcoma

Front 13

What would enchondroma manifest on a X-ray film?

Back 13

O-ring sign

(lytic, expansile oval lesions with thin sclerotic rim)

Front 14

Ollier Disease:

- what is it?
- location
- symmetry

Back 14

Syndrome of multiple enchondromas (enchondromatosis)

Metaphysis

Unilateral

Front 15

Maffucci Syndrome:

- what is it?
- prevalence/incidence
- Chance of malignant transformation

Back 15

Enchondromotosis with soft tissue hemangiomas

Rare

High (40%)

Front 16

Chondroblastoma:

- what is it?
- population most affected
- location

Back 16

Benign chondroid tumor

Male teenagers

Epiphysis

Front 17

Chondroblastoma:

- X-ray would show what?

Back 17

Well circumscribed tumor

with spotty calcifications

Front 18

Condroblastoma:

- histological cells
- histological sign

Back 18

Mixture of mononuclear (chondroblast) cells and Giant cells

Chicken wire calcifications

Front 19

Chondrosarcoma:

- what is it?
- location

Back 19

Malignant neoplasm with a BROAD spectrum of histological and clinical findings

Metaphysis and Diaphysis

Front 20

What do the tumor cells in chondrosarcomas form?

Back 20

Cartilage, but NOT osteoid

Front 21

Chondrosarcoma types. x3

Back 21

Dedifferentiated

Clear cell

Mesenchymal

Front 22

Chondrosarcoma is graded based on what? x2

Back 22

Cellularity

Nuclear changes

Biologic behavior

Front 23

Compare and contrast between enchondroma and chondrosarcoma?

Back 23

Enchondroma looks like GRADE I Chondrosarcoma

Chondrosarcoma invades cortex, while enchondroma does NOT.

Front 24

Before a diagnosis of chondrosarcoma is made, what must be identified?

Back 24

The tumor permeating through the cortex into soft tissue.

Front 25

Osteoid Osteoma

- what is it
- location
- size

Back 25

Neoplastic proliferation of the
osteoid
and
fibrous tissue

Medulla and cortex of Metaphysis of long bones

Less than 1.5 cm or 2.0 cm

Front 26

Osteoid Osteoma

- danger?
- presentation
- radiology

Back 26

Benign

Night pain relieved by ASA

Well circumscribed with a NIDUS

Front 27

What is the difference between Osteoid Osteoma and Osteoblastoma? x3

Back 27

Unresponsive to ASA

Spine involvement

Larger ( over 2 cm )

Front 28

Osteoma:

- Location
- Dangers?
- Presentation

Back 28

Flat bones of skull + facial bones

Benign

Asymptomatic

Front 29

Bony lesions of what bone tumor will precede the diagnosis of GARDNER'S DISEASE?

Back 29

Osteoma

Front 30

What is the most common primary malignant tumor of the bone?

Back 30

Osteosarcoma

Front 31

Osteosarcoma:

- Location
- Incidence
- Associated with what cells?

Back 31

Metaphysis of long bone

2 peaks:
(10-25 and after 40)

Giant cells

Front 32

Osteosarcoma likes to metastasize where?

Back 32

lungs

Front 33

Imaging of Osteosarcoma would show what?

Back 33

Codman's triangle

Front 34

Giant cell tumor:

- what is it?
- AKA
- Age distribution
- Location

Back 34

Locally aggressive neoplasm

Osteoclastoma

20-40

Mainly in Epiphyseal, but can be at metaphyseal.

Front 35

What is the prognosis of Giant Cell tumors?

Back 35

Benign, but potentially malignant

Unpredictable

Front 36

What is the most common soft tissue tumor?

Is it malignant or benign?

Back 36

Lipoma

Benign

Front 37

What is the most common sarcoma for late-middle-aged to elderly people?

Back 37

Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma

Front 38

Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma:

- Location
- Diagnosis how?
- Symptoms
- Treatment

Back 38

Lower extremity

By exclusion

PAINLESS, but growing masses

Wide resection + chemo
(+/- radiation)