M2-C1-L26 --> Pediatrics

Front 1

Define Dysplasia

Back 1

Condition affecting growth or development

due to intrinsic defect (genetics)

Front 2

What are the two types of skeletal deformity and what is their difference?

Back 2

Disproportionate
(Trunk & Extremities unequally affected)

Proportionate
(Trunk & Extremities equally affected)

Front 3

What is the most common form of skeletal Dysplasia?

Back 3

Dwarfism

Front 4

What is the most common form of Dwarfism?

Back 4

Achondroplasia

Front 5

What type of dysplasia is attributed to achondroplasia?

Back 5

Disproportionate dysplasia

Front 6

What is the etiology of Achondroplasia?

Back 6

Point mutation in the gene encoding Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3)

Front 7

T/F - Achondroplasia affects intermembranous ossification of the bones.

Back 7

False. It affects the endochondral ossification (where pre-formed cartilage is replaced by calcification)

Front 8

What are the characteristics of achondroplasia? x3

Back 8

Spinal stenosis
Trident hand
Disproportionate dwarfism

Front 9

Define dystrophy

Back 9

Condition affecting growth/development due to extrinsic factors (malnutrition, hormone, or metabolism)

Front 10

What is the etiology of Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy?

Back 10

Abnormality in gene encoding DYSTROPHIN

Front 11

What are the clinical symptoms of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy starting at birth.

Back 11

Normal at birth

Symptoms appear at approximately 18 months
(Calf pseudohypertrophy)
(Gower's manuever)

Front 12

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

- etiology

Back 12

Connective tissue disorder due to mutations in gene for Type I collagen

Front 13

What are the symptoms of Osteogenesis Imperfecta? x3

Back 13

Blue Sclerae
Abnormal Dentinogenesis
Bone fragility = multiple fx

Front 14

What are the most common childhood deformities?

Back 14

In-toeing & out-toeing

Front 15

In-toeing:

- AKA
- etiology
- prognosis

Back 15

Metatarsus Adductus

Packaging defect in the womb

90% will spontaneously heal

Front 16

Clubfoot:

- AKA
- characteristics x3
- etiology
- treatment

Back 16

Talipes Equinovarus

Plantar flexion (equinus)
Forefoot adductus
Heel varus

Germ plasm defect

Manipulation/Casting
Surgery

Front 17

Femoral Anteversion:

- character
- prognosis

Back 17

Internal rotation of hip

Spontaneously heal 6-8 years

Front 18

Tibial Torsion

- character
- prognosis

Back 18

Lateral malleolus is anterior or in the same plane as medial malleolus.
(normally, lateral malleolus is posterior to medial malleolus)

Spontaneously heals

Front 19

At what age is in-toeing normal for children and why?

Back 19

Prior to age four, it is normal

Femoral anteversion & tibial torsion

Front 20

Flatfoot:

- AKA
- Character
- Assessment test?
- Prognosis
- Treatment

Back 20

Pes Plano Valgus

Absent longitudinal arch

Flexibility test

Arch won't be there ever

If arch seen in flexibility test, then no treatment.

If no arch seen in flexibility test, then possible surgery due to

Congenital Vertical Talus or Tarsal Coalition

Front 21

DDH

- what does it stand for?
- incidence
- risk factors x3

Back 21

Development dysplasia of hip

1 : 1,000

First born
female
positive family hx.

Front 22

List two diagnostic tools for DDH.

Back 22

Ortalani test

Barlow test

Front 23

SCFE:

- what does it stand for?
- symptoms x3
- treatment

Back 23

Slipped Capped Femoral Epiphysis

Pain in hip
External rotation of hip
Deformity of hip

Surgical pinning

Front 24

Legg-Perthes:

- etiology
- risk factors x2
- clinical symptoms x4
- bilateral or unilateral?
- treatment

Back 24

Idiopathic necrosis of femerol head

Males (4x's more than females)
Age 2-12 (mostly 4-8 years old)

Limp
Ipsilateral knee pain
Painful internal rotation
No range of Motion

90% unilateral

Containment of femoral head in acetabulum via surgery or bracing

Front 25

Genu Valgum

Back 25

__________________________

Front 26

Genu varum ("Bow legged")

Normal newborn variant

Spontaneously heals at 3 y.o.

If persists beyond 3 y.o., than rule out Blount's and Rickets

Back 26

What's this called?

Is this normal?

Prognosis?

Possible pathology?

Front 27

Scoliosis requirements

Back 27

Greater than 10 degree lateral curvature

Front 28

Classifications of Scoliosis. x3

Back 28

Idiopathic
Congenital
Neuromuscular

Front 29

Organisms responsible for Osteomyelitis

- most common
- neonates
- 6 mo. to 4 yrs
- puncture wound pts

Back 29

Staphylococcus

Streptococcus

I. Influenze (not so common now)

Pseudomonas

Front 30

Symptoms of osteomyelitis. x4

Back 30

Pain
Swelling
Tenderness
Psuedoparalysis

Front 31

What is a direct extension from adjacent osteomyelitis?

Back 31

Septic arthritis

Front 32

Septic arthritis

- how does it occur x2
- diagnostic tool

Back 32

Hematogenous seeding or
Direct extension from adjacent osteomyelitis

Joint aspiration

Front 33

Septic arthritis

- treatment

Back 33

Aspiration/antibiotics

Hip surgery drainage

Front 34

Septic arthritis

- how does it occur x2
- diagnostic tool

Back 34

Hematogenous seeding or
Direct extension from adjacent osteomyelitis

Joint aspiration

Front 35

Septic arthritis

- treatment

Back 35

Aspiration/antibiotics

Hip surgery drainage

Front 36

T/F - There is a potential death of physis in children

Back 36

True