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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an attachment behavioral system
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an innate, biologically based system that has been shaped by evolution to help ensure our safety and survival
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What was Watson's approach? Who overturned Watson's approach?
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Behaviorism reigned (rewards and punishments).
Caregiver-Child attachments became impt, overturned by Harlow, Bowlby and Ainsworth. |
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What is felt security in Attachment?
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Child feels safe, secure, and free from impending threat or harm due to caregiver's presence.
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What are the 3 key variables in a child's internal control system in an attachment behavioral system?
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1)his or her own internal states
2)availability and responsiveness of the caregiver. 3)presence of threats in the environment (all to restore proximity and felt security) |
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What are working models in attachment?
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internal psychological structures that contain and organize the conscious and unconsious beliefs, expectations, and feelings that people have about themselves, others and relationships
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What are the two key functions of the Attachment Behavioral System, in regard to interaction with caregiver behaviors?
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1) detect threats in envrironment, with feelings fo anxiety cuing the infant to seek proximity
2) believes the caregiver is available |
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What are the two main dimensions that adults differ along attachment theory?
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1)anxiety
2)avoidance |
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Lawful Discontinuity
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observed discontinuities that can be explained by events that disrupt the child-caregiver bond in some way
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Simpson, Rholes, and Nelligan (1992):female partner exposed to dark isolation chamber
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Secure female: became more anxious and afraid and turned to their partners for comfort
Avoidant female: anxiety and fear increased yet they would not turn to their partner for comfort |
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Simpson et. al., (1992):
What does the graph look like when x-axis is Woman's Anxiety Fear and y-axis is comfort/support-seeking? |
a classic antagonistic with the left x-axis being low and the right x-axis being high
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When people seek help for relationship difficulties, who do they turn to?
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familiar channels: clergy, family physician, or an attorney
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What is the typical onset of distress?
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can be specific bad events but most often there is no specific point,it's just gradual.
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What does an uphill struggle mean in terms of relationship therapy?
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when the couple has longstanding maladaptive strategies to cope with distress.
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What are the most common problems that couples therapists report? Reported by Whisman, Dixon, and Johnson (1997)
(CUPES-SIP-LLF) |
Communication (87%)
Power Struggles (62%) Unrealistic Expectations (50%) Lack of Loving Feelings (40%) Serious Ind Problems (38%) |
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What was Sigmund Freud indisputably correct about?
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Conversing about problems with a sympathetic but uninvested individual can be therapeutic.
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Models of Couple Therapy
Psychodynamic Models |
which emphasize the role of unconscious forces in how partners perceive one another's behaviors
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Models of Couple Therapy
Systems Models |
which emphasize the rules that govern and constraint the exchange of behaviors
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Models of Couple Therapy
Behavioral Models |
which emphasize the rewarding and punishing properties of exchanged behaviors and their associated cognitions
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Models of Couple Therapy
Emotion Models |
which emphasize the ways in which different affective exchanges can inhibit and promote intimate bonds.
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Psychodynamic Models
Object Relations |
object is internal representation that is stable.
unconsious guided development to intimate relationships |
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Psychodynamic Models
Object Relations Perspective |
Repressed introjected infantile anger is
Projected onto partner |
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Object Relations Perspective
Projective Identification |
How the partner responds to projections from repressed anger from the partner projecting
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Object Relations Perspective
Introjective Identification |
the projecting partner takes in the modified version that she had projected to her partner and assimilates to this new view of herself
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What are the good steps in Object Relations Perspective when receiving projection?
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1)accept projection
2)temp identify with it 3)modify it 4)return it detoxified form through a mental process "containment" |
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How do couples therapists operating from the object relations perspective weaken harmful effects of projection?
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They improve the way that partners CONTAIN one another's projection
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What is an interesting implication about the object relations approach?
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Treatment can be viewed as successful even if the relationship ends.
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Systems Models
Negative Feedback |
behavior of partner's decrease each other's behavior
EX: Tali mad, BF understands |
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Systems Models
Positive Feedback |
behavior of parner's increase each other's behavior
EX: Tali mad, BF says FU |
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Systems Models
Homeostasis |
it is impt for an equilibrium to maintain balance and ensure stability
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Systems Models
William Lederer and Don Jackson (1968): Quid pro quo |
a Latin term meaning 'this for that'or 'one thing for another.'
Implicit and unstated bargaining arrangements in intimate relationships. |
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Systems Models
What is the Systems-oriented interventions designed for? |
to make the implicit rules explicit, particularly in the service of establishing new rules that allow both partners greater flexibility and range in their behavior
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Systems Models
What is the example of an unusual intervention with Shoham and Rohrbaugh (2002) |
Husband pretend to look miserable and Wife give him soup silently. It was humorous because it was a PARADOXICAL INTERVENTION
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What does Bolster feel is better Implicit help or Explicit help?
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Invisible support is the best b/c it is unobtrusive while partner is under stress
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Why is stress like a test or prism?
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It is like a test b/c under acute or chronic stress you fail or pass your partner's stress test. It is like a prism b/c sometimes it reveals hidden things about you
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what happens when you have low chronic stress and acute stress?
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There is weak effect on the relationship
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What happens when you have high chronic stress and acute stress?
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There is a strong effect on the relationship
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Does acute stress directly affect relationships?
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Yes, that was what Prof. Bradbury was trying to demonstrate with his example
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Bct
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couples do better w BCT, 4 yrs later 38% divorce
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CBT
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Not any better than BCT alone
30% divorce |
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IBCT
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love the quirks, empathic joining and unified detachment
as affective as BCT |
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Inside oriented marital therapy
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helps couple to integrate maladaptive emotions and expectations
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What is LeVine’s goals of the family?
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Physical Survival
Look out for family members Economic Survival Share resources (save economically) Self-Actualization Develop and understand who we are |
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Since late 1980’s there has been a tremendous surge and how detrimental it is to children.
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1)Child feels threatened
2)Reduced parental monitoring 3)Modeling conflict for children Bandura |
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Chronic exposure to conflict elevates stress hormones in children. Child is chronically over-aroused, hypervigilant, and/or desensitized to angry exchanges
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Their radar is more in tuned to parent conflict but are desensitized to it.
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Child’s interpretations of conflict are important. Is the conflict …
Serious? Chronic? About me? |
Girls internalize more and boys externalize more
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Boys typically have more divorce-related problems than girls
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The father typically leaves the home which leaves the boy more vulnerable
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Half-Full: Hetherington based on quantitative finding
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Vast majority of people are doing just fine, even the kids that have to go through divorce. 70-80% are doing just fine. Even though there is a doubling it is not as many as that are doing fine.
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Sanders et al. 1999: Results
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On the cognitive variables, these couples showed
More negative self-referent thoughts. “gee, what a loser I am” Fewer positive partner-referent thoughts. |
