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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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General definition of stem cells
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Cell that can either:
1.) Divide and give rise to itself. 2.) Divide and give rise to something different (differentiation) |
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The types of regulation on stem cells in physiological conditions X 3.
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1. Self renewal
2. Quiescence 3. Differentiation |
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Rate of stem cell reproduction.
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Very slow
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What type of cells do stem cells usually give rise to?
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Progenitor cells
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Development of mature cell from stem cells.
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Stem cell -> Progenitor cell --> Precursor cell --> Mature cell
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What is the key difference between progenitor and stem cells?
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The ability to self-renew.
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Interleukin 3 (IL-3) is produced by what?
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T-cells (Th1 and Th2)
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Interleukin 3 (IL-3) binds to what?
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The IL-3 receptors of the progenitor cells
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What is the function of Interleukin 3 (IL-3)? X 3
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1.) Maintains stem cells
2.) Maintains early progenitors 3.) Induces proliferation |
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T/F - Interleukin 3 induces differentiation.
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False.
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Stem Cell Factor AKA? x 3
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1. Steel factor
2. Mast Cell Growth factor 3. c-kit ligand |
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Stem cell Factor produced by?
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Stromal cells
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Stem Cell Factors bind to what?
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c-kit on Progenitors
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Stem Cell Factors functions? x3
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1. Maintains stem cells
2. Maintains early progenitors 3. Induces proliferation |
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T/F - Stem Cell Factors induce differentiation.
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False
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Name four factors important for late progenitors.
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1. EPO (Erythropoietin)
2. GM-CSF (Granulocyte/Monocyte Colony Stimulating Factor) 3. G-CSF (Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor) 4. M-CSF (Monocyte Colony Stimulating Factor) |
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What is the function of factor EPO?
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A factor for late progenitors, it is needed for RBC development.
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What is the function of factor GM-CSF?
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A factor for LATE progenitors, it works on common granulocyte/monocyte precursors.
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What is the function of factor G-CSF?
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A factor for LATE progenitors, it works on granulocyte commited progenitors.
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What is the function of M-CSF?
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A factor for late progenitors, it works on monocyte/macrophages progenitors.
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What are the mechanisms of regulation for Hematopoiesis. x 5
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1. Control of cytokine production by stromal cells
2. Movement of of developing cells from one microenvironment to another. 3. Production of cytokines by non-stromal cells. 4. Up- or down-regulate cytokine receptor expression by developing cells. 5. Removal of developing (and developed) cells by apoptosis. |
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Give an example of control of cytokine production by stromal cells.
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Stomal cells can alter the microenvironment (depending on tissue area) to develop specific cytokines.
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Give an example of hematopoiesis regulation mechanism involving movement of developing cells from one microenvironment to another.
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Developing T-cells leave the bone marrow and develop in the thymus to become mature.
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Give an example of cytokine production by non-stromal cells.
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Activated immune cells will provide feedback to the bone marrow for increased production of specific cytokines.
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Where are the developmental sites of hematopoiesis and include time frame?
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At fetus --> Yolk Sac, then followed by development in liver.
At Neonate --> Spleen At Adult --> Bone Marrow |
