M1-C1-L39 --> Glycolysis Ii

Front 1

What does aerobic glycolysis yield per 1 glucose?

Back 1

2 ATP
2 NADH
2 H+
2 Pyruvate

Front 2

What does anaerobic glycolysis yield per 1 glucose?

Back 2

2 ATP
2 Lactate

Front 3

What are the three key enzymes that are subject to allosteric regulation in glycolysis?

Back 3

1. Hexokinase
2. PFK -1
3. Pyruvate kinase

Front 4

What are the allosteric inhibitors of hexokinase in glycolysis?

Back 4

Glucose 6 phosphate

Front 5

What are the allosteric activators of hexokinase in glycolysis?

Back 5

NONE

Front 6

What are the allosteric inhibitors of PFK-1 in glycolysis?

Back 6

Citrate, ATP, H+

Front 7

What ar the allosteric activators of PFK-1 in glycolysis?

Back 7

F2, 6P (Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate)

and

AMP

Front 8

What are the allosteric inhibitors of pyruvate kinase in glycolysis?

Back 8

Alanine and ATP

Front 9

What are the allosteric activators of pyruvate kinase in glycolysis?

Back 9

Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate

Front 10

What is the archrival of Phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) in gluconeogenesis?

Back 10

Fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase (FBP-1)

Front 11

What does the muscle use first for energy?

Back 11

Stored glycogen

Front 12

What does the muscle use second for energy?

Back 12

Glucose from liver

Front 13

Muscle soreness and sensation can be caused by what?

Back 13

Lactate buildup from anaerobic glycolysis.

Front 14

Lactic acidosis can be caused by what?

Back 14

Too much lactic acid secreted from erythrocytes that have no mitochondria.

Front 15

What does the Cori cycle do?

Back 15

Takes lactic acid from blood and RBC's and makes glucose at a loss of 4 ATP.

Front 16

Liver uses what enzyme instead of hexokinase?

Back 16

Glucokinase.

Front 17

What are the unique qualities of glucokinase?

Back 17

1. Higher Km
2. Higher Vmax
3. Not inhibited by G6P

Front 18

What is the advantage of glucokinase?

Back 18

Range of responsiveness allows the liver to "buffer" blood glucose.

Front 19

What inhibits glucokinase and how?

Back 19

Fructose 6 Phosphate inhibits glucokinase by sequestering in the hepatic nucleus via Glucokinase regulatory protein.

Front 20

What activates glucokinase and how?

Back 20

Glucose activates glucokinase by allowing release fo glucokinase from Glucokinase regulatory protein in nucleus. GK will return to cytosol and phosphorylate glucose to G6P.

Front 21

Insulin affects what in muscle cells?

Back 21

Uptake, utilization, and storage of glucose.

Front 22

Insulin affects what in liver cells?

Back 22

utilization and storage of glucose.

Front 23

GLUTS are active transporters.

Back 23

False.

Front 24

What is GLUT 1 responsible for?

Back 24

RBC

Front 25

What is GLUT 2 responsible for?

Back 25

Organs such as Liver, Kidney, and Gut

Front 26

What is GLUT 3 responsible for?

Back 26

Brain

Front 27

What is GLUT 4 responsible for?

Back 27

Muscle and Adipose

Front 28

Which GLUT is insulin a factor?

Back 28

GLUT 4

Front 29

What happens when insulin is on the surface of muscles?

Back 29

Vesicular transport sends GLUT 4 to the membrane.

Front 30

Insulin stimulates the synthesis of what in the liver?

Back 30

Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate (F2,6P)

Front 31

Insulin stimulates the expression of what three genes in liver?

Back 31

1. Glucokinase
2. Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
3. Pyruvate kinase

Front 32

Insulin has what type of effect on glycolysis?

Back 32

INCREASES it via stimulation of F2,6P which activates PFK-1

Front 33

HexK and PyrK deficiencies manifest only where? Leading to what?

Back 33

RBC's leading to hemolytic anemia.

Front 34

How does glycerol enter glycolysis?

Back 34

Enters as glyceraldehyde