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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define a catabolic pathway.
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Produce energy by breaking down molecules.
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Define an anabolic pathway.
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Consume energy to build up cell components.
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A + B <--> P
Define Keq equation |
Keq
= [prod] / [subst] = [P] / ([A][B]) |
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What is the Grxn?
A positive value would go which way? A negative value would go which way? |
How far a reaction is from equilibrium
Toward reactant Toward products |
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How is dG related to dGo?
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dG = dGo + RT ln (Keq)
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What is dG at equilibrium?
What is the Keq here? How does this effect dGo? |
Zero
One Not equal to zero |
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T/F : Are free energies additive?
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True
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What do you do when you double free energy?
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Double the reaction
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What do you do to the free energy when you reverse the reaction?
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Reverse the free energy sign
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What is the free energy usually when it is a cyclic process?
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Zero
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Define free energy in terms of enthalpy and entropy?
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dG = dH – T dS
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Define the enthalpy of a reaction.
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The measure of the amount of heat released or consumed by the reaction.
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What does enthalpy monitor in terms of bonds?
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Formation / breaking of ALL chemical bonds
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What are the rules in calculating enthalpy in terms of free energy?
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Same as calculating free energy
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A high order system would have what type of entropy?
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Low
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A low order system would have what type of entropy?
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High
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How does ATP link catabolic and anabolic pathways?
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Through the transfer of a phosphate group
ATP <--> ADP + Pi |
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What are the three components of ATP?
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Adenine
D-ribose Phosphoanhydride bonds |
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What is the phosphorylation potential? Where is the energy coming from?
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Free energy released on hydrolysis of its phosphate bond at its terminal end.
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T/F : Low phosphorylation potentials can drive the phosphorylation compounds of higher phosphorylation potential.
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False
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Define oxidation and reduction.
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OIL RIG
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T/F : Oxidized compounds have higher ratio of Hydrogen:Oxygen.
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False. Reduced compounds have higher H:O ratio
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Put these compounds in order of least to most oxidization.
- Alcohols - Carboxylic acids - Aldehydes/ketones |
Alcohols (-OH)
Aldehydes / Ketones (=O) Carboxylic acid (-COOH) |
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Which is more reduced: fatty acids or carbs?
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Fatty acids (9 kcal vs 4 kcal)
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Is this an oxidation or reduction equation?
2Fe^(2+) -> 2Fe^(3+) + 2e- Cu^(2+) + 2e- -> Cu |
Oxidized
Reduced |
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What is the reduction potential? And what is the units?
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How much energy (in volts) is required to reduce a given compound.
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A negative reduction potential would indicate what about the favorability of a reaction?
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Drives it toward reactants.
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A positive reduction potential would indicate what about the favorability of a reaction?
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Drives it toward products.
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When doubling the reaction, what do you do with the standard reduction potential?
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Nothing
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How is the standard reduction potential related to the change in free energy?
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dG = -nFdE
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Name two common electron carriers.
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FADH2 & NADH
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