Lyons Phs4904 Ch 9 Ans

Front 1

where are SNS pre-g neuron cell bodies located?

Back 1

SPC

Front 2

where are PNS pre-g neuron cell bodies located?

Back 2

brain

Front 3

what do all pre-g neurons synapse with?

Back 3

autonomic ganglia (contains post-g cell body)

Front 4

what can be found in autonomic ganglia?

Back 4

post-g cell bodies

Front 5

where specifically do SNS pre-g neurons synapse?

Back 5

either chain ganglia OR collateral ganglia

Front 6

which pre-g neurons exit SPC without synapsing?

Back 6

collateral ganglia (exit SPC below diaphragm)

Front 7

post-g fibers from _____ganglia innervate digestive, urinary, & reproductive systems

Back 7

collateral ganglia

Front 8

where is ganglia found?

Back 8

head, neck, abdomen, & chain ganglia along SPC

Front 9

where does post-g neuron travel to?

Back 9

effector organs

Front 10

name 4 effector organs:

Back 10

endocrine glands, smooth muscle, heart, & bv

Front 11

the vagus nerve provides PNS regulations to many organs including the heart. what would happen if the vagus nerve to the heart were severed?

Back 11

heart rate will increase, but will not stop beating because only modulates (does not provide function)

Front 12

what pathways use Ach & NE?

Back 12

SNS

Front 13

what pathways use Ach but not NE?

Back 13

PNS

Front 14

which part of ANS is craniosacral division?

Back 14

PNS

Front 15

which part of ANS is thoracolumbar division?

Back 15

SNS

Front 16

most of these post-g neurons do not travel via spinal nerves to get to their effector organ:

Back 16

PNS

Front 17

how do SNS post-g neurons travel to effectors?

Back 17

via spinal nerves

Front 18

in the ____, the pre-g neurons are short and post-g are long

Back 18

SNS

Front 19

where do PNS pre-g neurons originate?

Back 19

brainstem S2-4

Front 20

where do SNS pre-g neurons originate?

Back 20

SPC T1-L2

Front 21

which post-g neurons synapse in ganglia NEAR effectors?

Back 21

PNS

Front 22

which cranial nerves carry PNS pre-g fibers?

Back 22

oculomotor 3, facial 7, glossopharyngeal 9, & vagus 10

Front 23

what is the PNS effector organ for oculomotor nerve?

Back 23

eye (constricts pupil)

Front 24

what are the PNS effector organs for facial nerve?

Back 24

lacrimal, mucous, & salivary glands

Front 25

what are the PNS effector organs for glossopharyngeal nerve?

Back 25

parotids

Front 26

75% of all PNS fibers travel via ____nerve to heart, lungs, GI, liver, & pancreas

Back 26

vagus

Front 27

what do the sacral spinal nerves of the PNS control?

Back 27

pelvic organs (lower Lg intestine, urinary bladder, rectum, & reproductive organs

Front 28

what is the NT of all pre-g fibers in ANS?

Back 28

Ach

Front 29

are post-g fibers in PNS adrenergic or cholinergic?

Back 29

cholinergic

Front 30

most of these post-g fibers are adrenergic:

Back 30

SNS

Front 31

are pre-g fibers adrenergic or cholinergic?

Back 31

cholinergic (both SNS & PNS)

Front 32

where are varicosites located?

Back 32

in all post-g neuron axons

Front 33

what are the swellings that contain NTs?

Back 33

varicosites

Front 34

where do the NTs within varicosites of post-g neurons release from?

Back 34

all ALONG AXON LENGTH (not just terminal)

Front 35

what NT does SNS adrenergic post-g fibers release?

Back 35

NE

Front 36

what SNS NT does adrenal medulla release via blood?

Back 36

Epinephrine

Front 37

are NE and E considered excitatory or inhibitory?

Back 37

both (Ex: contracts heart, relaxes bronchioles) due to differing receptor types

Front 38

what are the 2 main classes of adrenergic receptors?

Back 38

alpha & beta

Front 39

all ______ receptors act via G protein signaling

Back 39

adrenergic receptors (alpha & beta)

Front 40

which receptor constricts vessels & sphincters?

Back 40

Alpha 1

Front 41

these Rs found on presynaptic: decrease NE release,
on postsynaptic: contract smooth m.,
& central: decrease SNS outflow

Back 41

Alpha 2

Front 42

administration of A2 agonist would be useful for:

Back 42

hypertension (central mos predominant: decreases sympathetic outflow)

Front 43

which receptors are located on the heart that increase HR & force of contraction?

Back 43

Beta 1

Front 44

where are Beta 2 receptors located?

Back 44

smooth muscle (relaxation of digestive tract, bronchioles, & uterus)

Front 45

administration of a ___ BLOCKER would be useful for hypertension & tachycardia.

Back 45

Beta 1 blocker

Front 46

administration of a ___ BLOCKER would be useful for asthma.

Back 46

Beta 2 blocker

Front 47

propranol is an antihypertensive agent that blocks B1 & B2. however it cannot be given to asthma patients. why?

Back 47

because blocking beta 2 prevents bronchiole dilation

Front 48

atenolol is a beta 1 antagonist. what are its effects on HR & BP?

Back 48

slow HR & lowers BP

Front 49

Epinephrine was once used to treat asthma (stimulates B2). what are drawbacks?

Back 49

dangerously increases HR bc it also stimulates B1

Front 50

phenylephrine is an _____ agonist used in cold medicine because it vasoconstricts mucosa

Back 50

A1

Front 51

clonidine is a ____ agonist useful for hypertension

Back 51

A2

Front 52

treatments for hypertension include ____ & ____ blockers, and also ______ agonists

Back 52

A1 blocker
B1 blocker
A2 agonist

Front 53

all somatic motor neurons, all pre-g neurons, & most (not all) PNS post-g neurons are _______

Back 53

cholinergic (meaning they release Ach)

Front 54

cholinergic somatic motor neurons, & all pre-g neurons are ______

Back 54

excitatory

Front 55

somatic motor neurons at NMJ stimulate ______

Back 55

contraction

Front 56

all pre-g neurons are considered excitatory because they stimulate ______

Back 56

post-g fibers

Front 57

are PNS post-g neurons excitatory or inhibitory?

Back 57

both (Ex: slows heart, but activates GI tract)

Front 58

is Ach an excitatory NT or inhibitory?

Back 58

depends on nature of cholinergic receptor (nicotinic or muscarinic)

Front 59

where are nicotinic Rs located?

Back 59

in CNS. post-g fibers on NMJ (Ach stimulates contraction)

Front 60

how are muscarinic Rs stimulated?

Back 60

by Ach released from PNS post-g

Front 61

where are muscarinic Rs located?

Back 61

on effector organs

Front 62

curare blocks _____ Rs

Back 62

nicotinic

Front 63

atropine blocks muscarinic effects of _______

Back 63

nerve gas

Front 64

_______Rs are ligand gated ion chs (ionotropic)

Back 64

nicotinic

Front 65

______ is useful for pupil dilations, reduction of respiratory secretions, antispasmodic (G1), & antidote to nerve gas

Back 65

atropine

Front 66

nerve gas inhibits ______

Back 66

AchEsterase (affects both muscarinic & nicotinic)

Front 67

organs that are _______ can be antagonistic, complementary, or cooperative

Back 67

dually innervated (PNS & SNS)

Front 68

a pacemaker is an example of a _____ effect of dual innervation

Back 68

antagonistic
PNS: Ach decreases HR
SNS: Epinephrine increases HR

Front 69

in GI tract: PNS stimulate & SNS inhibits. this is known as ______

Back 69

antagonism due to dual innervation

Front 70

salivary gland secretion is an example of _____ caused by dual innervation

Back 70

complementary
PNS: watery
SNS: thick
result is viscous (thicker saliva)

Front 71

dry mouth could be caused by too much _____ activity

Back 71

SNS

Front 72

an example of ____ effect due to dual innervation are male sexual functions

Back 72

cooperative
PNS: erection
SNS: ejaculation

Front 73

the adrenal medulla, arrector pilli muscles, skin sweat glands, & most BVs are only innervated by _____

Back 73

SNS

Front 74

how are organs soley innervated by SNS are regulated?

Back 74

by firing rate/ tone