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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the primary lymphoid organs and their functions
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Thymus - primarily responsible for setting up cellular immunity (T cells)
Bone marrow - responsible for setting up humoral immunity (B cells --> antibodies) |
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Name the secondary lymphoid organs
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Lymphatic nodules, lymph nodes, and the spleen
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Lymphatic nodules is to tissue fluid as the spleen is to...
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blood
(lymph nodules filter tissue, spleen filters blood) |
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What cells secrete antibody?
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Plasma cells, which are derived from B lymphocytes
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Where do T cells become immunologically competent or active?
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In the thymus
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AIDS kills which population of T cells?
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The helper cells
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Which T cells have the capability of directly lysing a foreign cell?
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Killer cells or cyctotoxic lymphocytes
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Which cell react quickly to stimulate the production of killer cells when an antigen is reintroduced?
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T memory cells
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At the site of the secondary lymphoid tissues, T cells differentiate into what 3 types of cells?
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killer cells (cytotoxic lymphocytes)
helper cells T memory cells |
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A very large basophilic cell which forms T or B cells when they are exposed to an anitgen
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Immunoblast
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List some examples of antigen-presenting cells
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macrophages
epidermal Langerhans cells dendritic cells of lymphoid organs epithelial cells of the thymus |
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How do antigen-presenting cells stimulate lymphocytes?
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They phagocytose foreign material, digest it inside of the cell with lysosomes, and then return part of the breakdown product to the cell surface to be recognized by lymphocytes
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Where is the thymus located?
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In the mediastinum in front of the heart
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What is the embryological origin of the thymus?
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Epithelial cells of endodermal origin lining portions of the third pharyngeal pouch
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How are thymocytes renewed in the thymus?
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Hemopoietic stem cells are delivered to the thymus from the bone marrow throughout life since the thymocytes do not have self-renewing capacity
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What are some differences between the cortex and the medulla of the thymus?
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The thymocytes are larger and less numerous in the medulla
Hassall's corpuscles are located in the medulla The blood-thymus barrier is located in the cortex |
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Hassall's corpuscles are filled with...
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keratohyalin granules
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Bone marrow in humans is equivalent to what structure in birds?
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The Bursa of Fabricius
Both give rise to B lymphocytes |
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In what three areas can mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) be found?
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1) the GI tract
2) the respiratory tract 3) genito-urinary tract (All are in contact with the outside non-sterile environment) |
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Histologically, where is mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue found in the cell
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In the lamina propria
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Diagnostic feature of a secondary lymphoid nodule
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a germinal center
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Lymphatic nodules filter...
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tissue fluid
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Lymph nodes filter...
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lymph
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the spleen filters...
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blood
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special blood vessels associated with diffuse lymphatic tissue that function to allow the escape of lymphocytes from the vessel into the tissue
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high endothelial venules (HEV)
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List 3 main locations where nodules and diffuse lymphatic tissue forms aggragates
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Peyer's patches in the ilieum, the appendix, and in the tonsils
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The B dependent area of the lymph node
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the outer cortex and medullary cords
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The T dependent area of the lymph node
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inner cortex (paracortical region)
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T dependent area of the spleen
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PALS --> periarterial lymphoid sheath
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B dependent area of the spleen
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Germinal centers in lymphoid nodules along the PALS
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