Lymph/martini

Front 1

Immunoglobulins that attach to mast cells and basophils and are involved in allergic reactions are...

Back 1

IgE

Front 2

cells that help regulate the immune response are______cells.

Back 2

helper T cells

Front 3

Suppressor T cells act to...

Back 3

depress the responses of other t cells and B cells

Front 4

NK cells are actively involved in immunological surveillance. TRUE/FALSE

Back 4

TRUE.

Front 5

Stem cells that will form T cells are modified in the...

Back 5

thymus

Front 6

Immunoglobulins that are found on the surface of B cells and may play a role in regulation of the humoral immune response are....

Back 6

IgD

Front 7

Immunoglobulins that are composed of 5 single molecules joined together, and are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection, are...

Back 7

IgM

Front 8

IgA are primarily found in glandular secretions. TRUE/FALSE

Back 8

TRUE.

Front 9

List 3 potential results that can occur with the binding of an antigen to an antibody.

Back 9

1. neutralization of the antigen
2. agglutination or precipitation
3. complement activation and opsonization

Front 10

In order for a lymphocyte to respond to an antigen, the antigen must...

Back 10

bind to specific receptors on the lymphocyte membrane

Front 11

The role of accessory cells in immunity is to...

Back 11

digest foriegn cells and molecules and present antigens.

Front 12

List 4 characteristics of 'human leukocyte antigen".

Back 12

1. allow the body to differentiate its own cells from foriegn cells
2. bind antigenic material, when present for presentation to lymphocytes
3. can be divided into 2 major classes
4. are found on all human cells

Front 13

When an antigen is bound to a class 1 HLA molecule, it can stimulate a _____cell.

Back 13

cytotoxic T cell

Front 14

Class 11 HLA molecules are found only attached to...

Back 14

lymphocytes and macrophages

Front 15

When an antigen is bound to a class 11 HLA molecule, it can stimulate a _____cell.

Back 15

helper T cell

Front 16

B cells are primarily activated by the activities of...

Back 16

helper T cells

Front 17

List 4 functions of helper T cells.

Back 17

1. promote B cell division, plasma cell maturation, and antibody production
2. stimulate T cell divisions that produce memory T cells and accelerate maturation of cytotoxic T cells
3. attract and stimulate the activity of NK cells
4. enhance nonspecific defenses

Front 18

List the basic order of the cell mediated immune response.

Back 18

1. antigen is engulfed and presented by a macrophage
2. undifferentiated T cells with specific receptors recognize the antigen
3. several cycles of mitosis occur
4. T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells and T memory cells
5. cytotoxic T cells migrate to focus of infection
6. cytotoxic T cells release perforin and or lymphotoxin.

Front 19

List 4 actions of a primary humoral response to antigens.

Back 19

1. B cells may differentiate into plasma cells immediately
2. B cells may undergo several rounds of mitosis before producing plasma cells and memory cells
3. antibody levels do not peak until 1-2 weeks after the initial exposure
4. the first immunoglobulins to appear in circulation are the IgM type.

Front 20

List 4 factors of the secondary or anamnestic response of humoral immunity.

Back 20

1. involves memory b cells
2. results in elevated titers of antibodies sooner than in the primary response
3. generally prevents a person from showing symptoms of the disease
4. can occur even if the 2nd exposure occurs years after the initial exposure.

Front 21

List the stages of a bacterial infection.

Back 21

1. neutrophils and NK cells migrate into the infected area
2. inflammation, lymphokines, and monokines attract phagocytes
3. cytotoxic T cells appear
4. b cells differentiate and the number of plasma cells increases
5. a gradual sustained increase in antibodies occurs

Front 22

List 4 hormones of the immune system.

Back 22

1. interleukins
2. interferons
3. natriuretic factor
4. chemicals that regulate phagocytes

Front 23

List 4 functions of interleukins.

Back 23

1. increase T cell sensitivity to antigens exposed on macrophage membranes.
2. stimulate B cell activity, plasam cell formation and antibody production
3. stimulate inflammation
4. elevate body temperature

Front 24

The only antibodies that normally cross the placenta are...

Back 24

IgG

Front 25

Autoantibodies function against the bodys normal antigens. TRUE/FALSE

Back 25

TRUE

Front 26

Lymphatic vessels commonly occur in association with...

Back 26

blood vessels

Front 27

What forms the right lymphatic duct?

Back 27

1. the right jugular, right subclavian, and right bronchomediastinal trunks
2. the left jugular, right subclavian, and right bronchomediastinal trunks

Front 28

Dividing lymphocytes can be found in the_______ or central zone of the lymphoid nodule.

Back 28

core

Front 29

Lymph nodes range in diameter from...

Back 29

1mm to 25mm

Front 30

Lymphatic vessels are located in almost all portions of the body, except,

Back 30

CNS

Front 31

If you are taking care of a female patient with a damaged spleen, you would expect to see that...

Back 31

she is anemic as her body has difficulty storing iron

Front 32

Specific defenses depend on the activities of...

Back 32

lymphocytes

Front 33

Plasma contains______ special complement proteins that form the complement system.

Back 33

11 complement proteins

Front 34

The thoracic duct originates from an expanded chamber called the________

Back 34

cysterna chyli

Front 35

Fixed macrophages are phagocytic cells that are permanent residents of specific tissues and organs. TRUE/FALSE

Back 35

TRUE

Front 36

_______ are fixed macrophages that are found in the CNS.

Back 36

microglia

Front 37

______ are fixed macrophages found in the liver.

Back 37

Kuppfer cells

Front 38

_____ are fixed macrophages located in the epithelia of the skin

Back 38

Langerhans cells

Front 39

_______ are free macrophages found in the lungs.

Back 39

alveolar macrophages

Front 40

The ability of certain phagocytes to move through the wall of a capillary is called_______

Back 40

diapedesis

Front 41

_______ are antibodies that make it easier for phagocytes to engulf their target cells.

Back 41

opsonins

Front 42

The complement factor_______ can sustain and enhance the alternative pathway of complement fixation.

Back 42

properdin

Front 43

The portions of an antigen that are recognized by an antibody are the______

Back 43

antigenic determinant sites

Front 44

Antigens with only one antigenic site are called...

Back 44

partial antigens or haptens

Front 45

When large numbers of antibodies encounter their antigenic targets, they interact to form a three dimensional structure known as ....

Back 45

immune complex

Front 46

The process by which soluble antigens combine with antibodies to form insoluble immune complexes is called...

Back 46

precipitation

Front 47

Interleukins are hormones that regulate the activity of B and T cells and enhance nonspecific def. TRUE/FALSE

Back 47

TRUE

Front 48

if the thymus failed to produce the hormone thymosin, we would expect to see a decrease in the number of...

Back 48

cytotoxic T cells

Front 49

Milly has just received a kidney transplant, and is taking cyclosporin A. What does this medication do?

Back 49

suppresses cytotoxic T cells, thus preventing rejection

Front 50

A fluid sample contains a large amount of IgA type antibody. This fluid is probably....

Back 50

tears

Front 51

Injections of interleukin 11 will cause an increase if T cells. TRUE/FALSE

Back 51

TRUE