Lymphatic/immune System Ch 21 Duncomb

Front 1

There are many afferent lymphatic vessels & only 1 efferent vessel in order to:

Back 1

slow the flow of lymph for maximal immunity

Front 2

These structures flow through lymph fluid that is carried in the lymphatic vessels:

Back 2

lymph nodes

Front 3

What WBC does not have phagocytic capability?

Back 3

basophils

Front 4

Lymphatic vessels transport: (4)

Back 4

dietary lipids, tissue fluids, plasma proteins, & lymphocytes

Front 5

What is a lymph node enclosed in?

Back 5

fibrous capsule

Front 6

3 Function of the spleen are:

Back 6

blood reservoir & filter
production of blood cells in fetus
detection of foreign antigens in blood

Front 7

What type WBC secretes anticoagulant Heparin?

Back 7

Basophil

Front 8

3 signs of inflammatory response are:

Back 8

heat
swelling
pain

Front 9

Histamine, Bradykinin, & Leukotrienes stimulate _____ & _____ blood flow

Back 9

Vasodilation, increased

Front 10

Which antibody can cross the placenta to provide immunological protection for the newborn?

Back 10

IgG

Front 11

Do antibodies destroy antigens directly?

Back 11

no

Front 12

Cytotoxic T cells directly attack and kill (3):

Back 12

cancer cells
cells of transplanted organs
host cells infected with parasites

Front 13

HIV can be acquired by (4):

Back 13

intercourse
blood
childbirth
breastfeeding

Front 14

Lymph flows primarily because of:

Back 14

contractions of vessels

Front 15

Pyrogens, secreted by neutrophils & macrophages function to:

Back 15

temporarily raise body temperature for fever

Front 16

This type of leukocyte produces enzymes that will create hydrogen peroxide to kill bacteria:

Back 16

neutrophils

Front 17

This type of macrophage lines the sinusoids of the liver:

Back 17

hepatic macrophages

Front 18

What protein acts as ID tags that label an individual's cells as self cells?

Back 18

MHC proteins

Front 19

Interferons function to:

Back 19

stimulate neighboring cells to produce antiviral proteins

Front 20

What cell attacks a virus-infected cell by secreting perforin?

Back 20

cytotoxic T

Front 21

HIV attacks the CD-4 membrane protein of these cells:

Back 21

helper T

Front 22

Lymphatic capillaries are anchored to tissues by protein filaments that regulate lymph flow from tissues. When pressure in tissue is high:

Back 22

the valves open and lymph is taken up into the vessel

Front 23

what are the 3 main functions of the lymphatic system?

Back 23

fluid recovery
immunity
lipid absorption

Front 24

Lymphatic vessels are different from veins in that they have ____ and ____.

Back 24

thinner walls, more valves

Front 25

The thoracic duct is larger and longer than the _____.

Back 25

right lymphatic duct

Front 26

Lymph flows into a lymph node through the _____

Back 26

afferent lymphatic vessel

Front 27

The 3 main types of WBC's found in the lymphatic system are:

Back 27

T cells
B cells
macrophages

Front 28

The largest lymphatic organ is the ____.

Back 28

spleen

Front 29

The organ that is both part of the endocrine and lymphatic systems is the ____.

Back 29

thymus

Front 30

The 3 major processes of inflammation include:

Back 30

mobilization
containment & destruction
tissue clean up

Front 31

Antibodies use all of the following mechanisms to attack pathogens directly (4):

Back 31

agglutination
complement fixation
precipitation
neutralization

Front 32

Receiving gamma globulin as a treatment for rabies would be considered:

Back 32

artificial passive immunity

Front 33

What is an inhibitor of microbial growth that is a component of precipitation on skin?

Back 33

lactic acid

Front 34

What is it called when bacteria is coated making it easier to phagocytize by macrophages & neutrophils?

Back 34

opsonization

Front 35

When antibodies produced to react against bacteria also react against self antigens the resulting condition is an example of:

Back 35

autoimmune disease

Front 36

What are the organs of the lymphatic system (4):

Back 36

lymph nodes
spleen
bone marrow
mucous membrane

Front 37

B cells that have taken in a large antigen must be stimulated by ____ before they can react to that antigen

Back 37

helper T

Front 38

Molecules which elicit an immune response are called:

Back 38

antigens

Front 39

What occurs when an allergen such as bee venom is introduced into the blood stream?

Back 39

Anaphylactic shock

Front 40

Asthma victims are reacting only to ____

Back 40

inhaled allergens

Front 41

Symptoms occurring during both asthma & anaphylactic shock are due to:

Back 41

excessive release of histamine

Front 42

Which type of hypersensitivity is a cellular immune response?

Back 42

type IV (4)

Front 43

When a WBC manages to ooze through a gap between 2 endothelial cells on its way back to attack an invader, we say that it has exhibited:

Back 43

diapedesis

Front 44

If you are inoculated with hepatitus A vaccine, a population of this type of cell would being to make the appropriate antibody:

Back 44

B lymphocytes

Front 45

Infected cells of the pancreas would display a foreign antigen fragment on a:

Back 45

MHC 1

Front 46

These cells recognize non-self antigens & produce lymphokines to stimulate the cells that actually make the antibodies:

Back 46

helper T

Front 47

The only lymphatic organ with both afferent & efferent lymphatic vessels is:

Back 47

lymph node

Front 48

What cell is involved in non-specific resistance but not in specific defense?

Back 48

natural killer cells

Front 49

The respiratory burst is used by ____ to kill bacteria

Back 49

neutrophils

Front 50

4 types of macrophages are:

Back 50

microglia
alveolar macrophages (lungs)
hepatic macrophages (liver)
dendritic

Front 51

The cytolytic action of the complement system is most similar to the action of:

Back 51

perforin

Front 52

______ become antigenic by binding to larger host molecules

Back 52

Haptens (because too small to be antigenic themselves)

Front 53

What are the order of events in humeral immunity? (5)

Back 53

endocytosis of an antigen
antigen display
secretion of interleukin
clonal selection
antibody secretion

Front 54

The cardinal signs of inflammation include all of the following except: redness, swelling, heat, fever, pain

Back 54

fever

Front 55

A helper T cell can bind only to another cell that has _____ proteins

Back 55

MHC II

Front 56

Systemic lupus erythematosus results from ________.

Back 56

lack of self tolerance

Front 57

Any organism or substance that is capable of causing a disease is called a______

Back 57

pathogen

Front 58

Mucous membranes contain an antimicrobial enzyme called ______

Back 58

lysozyme

Front 59

_______ is a condition in which one or more lymph nodes are swollen and painful to the touch

Back 59

lymphadentitus

Front 60

The movement of of leukocytes through the capillary wall is called ______ or _____

Back 60

diapedesis, emigration

Front 61

In the process of _____ complement proteins coat bacteria & serve as binding cites for phagocytes

Back 61

opsonization

Front 62

Any substance that triggers a fever is called a _____

Back 62

pyrogen

Front 63

The chemical signals produced by leukocytes to stimulate other leukocytes are called _______.

Back 63

interleukins

Front 64

Part of an antibody called the ____ binds to part of an antigen called the ______.

Back 64

antigen binding site, epitope

Front 65

Self-tolerance results from a process called ____, in which lymphocytes program to react against self antigens die.

Back 65

clonal deletion

Front 66

What would be the consequence if lymphatic valves did not exist?

Back 66

There would be no consistent one-way flow of lymph. Lymph & tissue fluid would accumulate, especially in the lower regions of the body

Front 67

In what way does the action of the membrane attack complex resemble the action of perforins?

Back 67

both produce a ring of proteins in the target cell plasma membrane, opening a hole in the membrane through which the cell contents escape.

Front 68

Why does AIDS reduce the effectiveness of all 3 defenses (non-specific defense, humoral immunity, & cellular immunity)?

Back 68

All 3 defenses depend on the action of helper T cells which are destroyed by HIV

Front 69

What does the ER do in the plasma cell?

Back 69

it it the cite of antibody synthesis

Front 70

What molecule in a virus is the target of AZT?

Back 70

reverse transcriptase

Front 71

Why does AZT inhibit the spread of HIV?

Back 71

it inhibits enzyme reverse transcriptase from functioning therefore HIV cant produce viral DNA & insert it into the host cell DNA, & the virus therefore cant replicated