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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The circulatory system is often divided into what two subdivisions?
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Cardiovascular
Lymphatic |
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cardiovascular system consists of what three components?
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blood vessels
blood heart |
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Lymphatic system consists of:
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Lymphatic vessels
Lymph Lymph nodes & specific lymphoid organs (tonsils, spleen) |
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Lymphatic vessels
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Fluid-carrying tubes
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Lymphatic vessels are analogous to what structures in the cardiovascular system?
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thin-walled blood vessels
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Lymph
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Special fluid carried by lymphatic vessels
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How is lymph derived
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derived from tissue/interstitial fluids that surround cells
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What structures collect and carry lymph?
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Lymph vessels
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How is lymph modified?
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Modified by additions of cells & other materials
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Functions of lymph nodes and larger lymphoid organs
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Special structures that process, filter & modify lymph and its components
and/or contribute to immune function |
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The lymphatic system is closely associated with what other system
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immune system
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What two closely associated systems of the body are less familiar but very important?
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Lymphatic and immune systems
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Lymph is formed from interstitial fluid. For this to occur, what must happen to the interstitial fluid
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Interstitial fluid must be forced out of the capillaries due to blood pressure
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Lymph components (8)
At least try to remember six. |
Water
small molecules from the blood plasma ions some nutrients fats wastes cellular debris & microbes |
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Lymph contains small molecules form the blood plasma, (e.g......)
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e.g., some blood proteins
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Lymph contains some nutrients that haven't had this happen to them
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some nutrients that aren't captured by cells
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By what process does water follow the loss of lymph components out of the blood capillaries & into the tissues?
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by osmosis
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Destination of lymph
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Is ultimately returned to the blood stream
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What parts of lymph are especially returned to the blood stream?
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esp. its water & useful components
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What blood vessels return lymph to the blood stream?
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Subclavian veins
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What happens if recycling of lymph does not occur?
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Gradually water loss from the blood would ultimately lead to the collapse of the cardiovascular system
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Why would the cardiovascular system collapse without recycling of lymph?
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Because of loss of much of lymph's fluid and other components of the blood to the tissues
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Lymphatic vessels, like blood vessels, come in different ________s
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diameters
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Lymphatic flow diagram
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Microscopic lymph capillaries grade into & are continuous with larger & larger lymphatic vessels →
grade into lymphatic trunks → grade into lymphatic ducts |
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The largest lymphatic tubes
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The thoracic duct on the left side & an occasionally occurring right lymphatic duct on the ride side
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Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct functions
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Return recyclable materials & water lost from the bloodstream back to the blood
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Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct functions return recyclable materials and water back to the blood via what blood vessels?
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via R&L subclavian veins
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Lymph returns back to the bloodstream through what kind of vessels?
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Through lymphatic (collecting) vessels
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As lymph is returning back to the bloodstream through the lymphatic vessels, it passes through what structures?
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small structures called lymph nodes
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Shape of lymph nodes
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Often lima bean-shaped
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Lymph nodes serve as WHAT for lymph & the materials lymph as picked up in its travels?
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filtering stations
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What do lymph nodes do for white blood cells and macrophages?
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Sites for accumulation, growth, & maturation of these cells
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What disease-fighting/immune system-related cells accumulate, grow, and mature at lymph nodes?
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White blood cells
Macrophages |
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Lymph nodes are sites for mature immune system-related cells to do what?
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To engage & fight foreign microbes
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What kind of foreign microbes to immune system-related cells fight at lymph nodes?
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Fight bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans
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In addition to lymph vessels of various types, there are THESE KIND of organs
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Lymphoid organs
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What does Dr. Davis call lymphoid organs?
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"Discrete organ structures" (separate, distinct)
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The body has occasional patches of lymphoid tissue. What's that?
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More diffuse collections of lymphoid-related cells throughout the body
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Lymphoid organs include: (4)
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Lymph nodes
Spleen Thymus Tonsils |
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Where is a location of lymphoid tissue?
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In the walls of the ileum in the small intestine, apendix
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Often, lymphoid tissue is called THIS (and it has an acronym)
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Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
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Why is lymphoid tissue called MALT?
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Because it is associated with the moist mucosal linings of tubes in various areas of the body
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Why are lymphoid organs and lymphoid tissues integral parts of the immune system?
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Much of the immune system function occurs in these organs/tissues
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Much of the immune system function occurs in either lymphoid organs or lymphoid tissues. What are two examples of these functions?
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Immune surveillance
Engaging pathogens |
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Much of the immune system function occurs in lymphoid organs & tissues, but also in THIS
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also in the blood of the cardiovascular system
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What two systems that we learned about this week are closely linked in structure & function?
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Immune & lymphatic system
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General function of lymph nodes
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Filter & process lymph once it is drained from the tissues
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Two specific functions of lymph nodes
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Removal of impurities
Processing & storage structures for WBCs |
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What are some impurities that are filtered out of lymph? (4)
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Carbon particles
Cancer cells Pathogenic organisms Dead blood cells |
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What happens to impurities filtered out in a lymph node?
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They are engulfed & destroyed by macrophages/phagocytes
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Another name for phagocytes
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Macrophages
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Analogy for a lymph node
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Oil filter in a car
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Lymph nodes are processing & storage sites white blood cells, but especially these cells
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esp. lymphocytes (immune system cells)
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Lymphocytes come in what 2 main types
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T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes |
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T lymphocytes, f.
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Attack foreign invaders directly
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B lymphocytes (f.)
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Produce & release antibodies into lymph to combat infections
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Main groups of lymph nodes (5)
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Cervical nodes
Axillary nodes Tracheobronchial nodes Mesenteric nodes Inguinal nodes |
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Cervical nodes (f.)
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Drain head & neck
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Which group of lymph nodes are often enlarged in upper respiratory infections?
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cervical nodes
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Where are the axillary nodes?
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in the armpits
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Which group of lymph nodes may become enlarged after infections of upper extremities & breasts?
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Axillary nodes
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Cancer cells from the breasts often spread to what group of nodes?
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To axillary nodes
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What is the scientific term for cancer cells spreading?
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Metastasize = spread
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Where are tracheobronchial nodes?
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Near trachea & around larger bronchial tubes
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In highly polluted areas, this group of nodes can be so filled with particles they become solid black masses resembling small pieces of coal.
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Tracheobronchial nodes
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Where do mesenteric nodes occur?
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Between the 2 layers of peritoneum that form the mesenteries
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Mesenteries
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Membranes between & around the intestines
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How many nodes are in the mesenteric node group?
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100-150 nodes
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Function of mesenteric nodes
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Filter lacteal lymphatic capillaries
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Lacteal
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Fat-carrying
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Lacteal lymphatic capillaries
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Lymphatics from the lining of the intestine
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Location of inguinal nodes
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Located in groin region
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Inguinal nodes receive lymph drainage from what two areas?
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From lower extremities & external genitalia
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When enlarged, what are inguinal nodes referred to as?
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Buboes
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what word serves as the basis for name of bubonic plague?
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Buboes
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Which main group of nodes are often enlarged in sexually transmitted diseases
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Inguinal nodes
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Three important organs made of lymphoid tissue
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Tonsils
Thymus Spleen |
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What are important lymphoid tissue organs made of?
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Consist of aggregated clusters of lymph nodes
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