Lymphatic System And Immunity

Front 1

Tiny
Closed-ended vessels
Simple squamous epithelium

Back 1

Lymphatic Capillaries

Front 2

One way valves present

Back 2

Lymphatic Vessels

Front 3

Large Lymphatic vessel
drains all but right head, neck, chest and upper arm

Back 3

Thoracic duct

Front 4

Lymphocytes originate from ____.

Back 4

Red bone marrow

Front 5

Carried by the blood to ______.

Back 5

Lymphatic organs

Front 6

When the body is exposed to microorganisms or foreign substances, the lymphocytes ______.

Back 6

divide

Front 7

Lymphocytes are part or the ________ response that destroys microorganisms and foreign substances.

Back 7

Immune

Front 8

Lymphatic tissue has very fine _________ fibers.

Back 8

reticular

Front 9

Lymphocytes and other cells that form dense aggregations of tissue in a lymph node.

Back 9

Lymph nodules

Front 10

A space between lymphatic tissue in the lymph node;
contains: macrophages on a network of fibers

Back 10

Lymph Sinus

Front 11

Areas of rapidly dividing lymphocytes within a lymph node

Back 11

Germinal centers

Front 12

The spleen filters ______ instead of lymph.

Back 12

Blood

Front 13

The spleen contains _______, which surrounds arteries within the spleen.

Back 13

white pulp

Front 14

_______ Associated with the veins.

Back 14

Red pulp

Front 15

The spleen detects and responds to ________ in the blood.

Back 15

Foreign substance

Front 16

Destroys worn out _______, and acts as a ______ reservoir

Back 16

Erythrocytes
Blood

Front 17

__________ in the white pulp can be stmulated in the same manner as in lymph nodes.

Back 17

Lymphocytes

Front 18

_________ in the red pulp remove foeign substances and worn out erythocytes through phaocytosis

Back 18

Macrophages

Front 19

Identical response occurs each time the body is exposed to a given substance

Back 19

Innate Immunity

Front 20

Response to a substance during the second exposure is faster and stronger than during the first exposure; exhibits specificity and memory

Back 20

Adaptive Immunity

Front 21

Response results in a person being immune to harmful effects of a bacteria or virus

Back 21

Adaptive Immunity

Front 22

Prevent the entry of microorganisms

Back 22

Mechaniscal Mechanisms

Front 23

Lysozyme and mucus

Back 23

Cell Surface Chemicals

Front 24

Histamine, complement, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins

Back 24

Inflammatory Chemicals

Front 25

Cause vasodilation

Back 25

Inflammatory Chemicals

Front 26

Complement

Back 26

A group of plasma proteins

Front 27

Interferons

Back 27

Viral protection chemicals

Front 28

General term for cells that are capable of ingestion and destruction of particles

Back 28

Phagocytes

Front 29

Small phagocytic leukocytes that are usually the first cells to enter infected tissue

Back 29

Neutrophils

Front 30

Monocytes that leave the blood, enter tissues, and enlarge fivefold.

Back 30

Macrophages

Front 31

Group name for monocytes and macrophages

Back 31

Mononuclear Phagocytic System

Front 32

Cells that release inflammatory chemicals

Back 32

Basophils and Mast Cells

Front 33

Cells that release enzymes that break down chemicals

Back 33

Eosinophils

Front 34

Lymphocytes produced in RBM that kill tumor and virus-infected cells, bt have no memory response

Back 34

Natural Killer cells

Front 35

General term for substances that stimulate adaptive immunity responses.

Back 35

Antigens

Front 36

Antigens introduced from outside the body

Back 36

Foreign Antigens

Front 37

Overreaction of the immune system to foreign antigens such as pollen, animal hairs, food, and drugs.

Back 37

Allergic Reactions

Front 38

Molecules produced by the body that stimulate an immune system response; stimulate autoimmune disease.

Back 38

Self-antigens

Front 39

Lymphocytes that produce proteins called antibodies

Back 39

B cells

Front 40

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity and involved in regulating cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity.

Back 40

T Cells

Front 41

Immunity produced by antibodies in plasma; humoral immunity.

Back 41

Antibody-mediated immunity

Front 42

Location where pre-B cells are processed into B cells.

Back 42

Red Bone Marrow

Front 43

Location where pre-T cells are processed into T cells.

Back 43

Thymus

Front 44

Small groups of identical lymphocytes produced during embryonic development.

Back 44

Clones

Front 45

Part of the antibody that combines with the antigen

Back 45

Variable Region

Front 46

Part of the antibody that activates complement or attaches to cells such as macrophages, basophils, and mast cells.

Back 46

Constant Region

Front 47

Other terms used for antibodies

Back 47

Immunoglobulins or Gamma Globulins

Front 48

Antibody binds to antigen or antigens and inactivates them

Back 48

Direct Effects

Front 49

Macrophages attach to constant region and phagocytize the antigen; complement is activated; inflammatory chemicals are released by mast cells.

Back 49

Indirect Effects

Front 50

Results from the first exposure of a B cell to an antigen

Back 50

Primary Response

Front 51

Lymphocytes taht produce antibodies

Back 51

Plasma Cells

Front 52

Lymphocytes responsible for the secondary (memory) response.

Back 52

Memory B Cells

Front 53

Response to an an antigen that is faster and produces larger quantities of antibodies

Back 53

Secondary, or memory response

Front 54

Cells responsible for the cell-mediated immunity response; foreign antigen stimulates these cells to lyse virus-infected cells, tumor cells, or tissue transplant cells.

Back 54

Cytokines

Front 55

Chemicals that are relased by cytotoxic T cells and attract macrophages, or activate additional T cells.

Back 55

Cytokines

Front 56

T cells that provide a secondary response and long-lasting immunity.

Back 56

Memory T Cells

Front 57

Results from natural exposure to an antigen that causes the body's immune system to respond against the antigen

Back 57

Active Natural Immunity.

Front 58

Results when an antigen is deleerately introduced into a individiual to stimulate his immune system; also called vaccination

Back 58

Active Artificial Immunity

Front 59

Results from the transfer of antibodies from a mother to her child across the placenta

Back 59

Passive Natural Immunity

Front 60

Results when antibodies are removed from a human or another animal and injected into an individual requiring immunity.

Back 60

Passive Artificial Immunity

Front 61

Gerneral term used for antibodies that provide passive artifical immunity.

Back 61

aNTISERUM

Front 62

What does the lymphatic system include?

Back 62

1. lymph
2. lymphocytes
3. Lymphatic vessels
4. Lymph nodes
5. Tonsils
6. Spleen
7. Thymus gland

Front 63

What are the 3 Functions of the lymphatic system

Back 63

1. Fluid Recovery/Balance
2. Immunity
3. Fat Absorption

Front 64

What is Fluid Recovery/ Balance

Back 64

1. carries fluid lost from capillaries.
2. This fluid returns to the blood in the right lymphatic and thoracic ducts.

Front 65

What is the term that fluid enters the lymphatic capillaries

Back 65

Lymph

Front 66

What substances does lymphs contain

Back 66

1. plasma
a. ions,
b. nutrients
c. gases
d. protein
2. Hormones
3. Enzymes
4. Waste products

Front 67

What is Fat absorption?

Back 67

When the lymphatic system absorbs fats and other substances from the digestive tract.

Front 68

Where are lacteals

Back 68

located in the lining of the small intestine

Front 69

What are lacteals

Back 69

Special lymphatic vessels that fats enter and pass through to the venous circulation.

Front 70

What is Chyle

Back 70

a lymphatic vessel that has a milky appearance because of its fat content

Front 71

Descripe the function: Immunity/ Defense

Back 71

Microorganisms and other foreign substanes are filtered from lymph by lymph nodes and from blood by the spleen.
- lymphocytes and other cells are capable of destroying them.

Front 72

Right lymphatic duct

Back 72

returns fluid to the blood stream

Front 73

Thoracic duct (Left lymphatic duct)

Back 73

Returns fluid to blood stream

Front 74

prevent blackflow of lymph

Back 74

Valves

Front 75

filled with immune system cells

Back 75

Lymph nodes

Front 76

Site of maturation of T lymphocytes

Back 76

Thymus

Front 77

What does the heart, lymphatic vessels and veins have in common?

Back 77

They all have valves.

Front 78

What is the name of the blood vessels where the duct enter

Back 78

Right and left subclavian vein.

Front 79

Lymphocytes are apart of what immune response

Back 79

Adaptive immune response

Front 80

THe spleen is the size of a

Back 80

clenched fist

Front 81

Where is the spleen located

Back 81

on the left, superior corner of the abdominal cavity

Front 82

What type of connective tissue and smooth muscle does the spleen carry

Back 82

An Outer capsule of dense connective tissue

and small amount of smooth muscle

Front 83

Macrophages in the red pulp remove foreign substance and worn-out red blood cells through what process

Back 83

Phagocytosis

Front 84

What organ in the lymphatic system can also function as an emergency blood reservoir

Back 84

the spleen

Front 85

In emergency situations such as hemorrhage what does the spleen do

Back 85

smooth muscle in the splenic blood vessels and in the splenic capsule can contract.

Front 86

What is the purpose of tonsils

Back 86

To form a protective ring of lymphatic tissue between the mouth, nose, and pharynx

Front 87

What passes through at least one lymph node

Back 87

Lymphatic vessels

Front 88

How does lymph move through lymphatic vessels

Back 88

because of contraction of surrounding skeletal muscle

Front 89

What produces lymphocytes, removes microorganisms and foreign substances from lymph. contains macrophages on a network of fibers

Back 89

Lymph nodes

Front 90

Interferon

Back 90

A substance produced by cells in response to infection by viruses and prevents viral replication in other cells

Front 91

Neutrophils

Back 91

Accounted for most of the dead cells in pus

Front 92

Name the 4 steps that occur during inflammatory response

Back 92

1. Histamine and other chemical mediators are released
2. Chemotaxis of phagocytes occurs
3. Fibrinogen enters tissue from the blood
4. Blood vessels vasodilate

Front 93

Antigens are

Back 93

molecules produced by the body and they stimulate a specific immune response

Front 94

Where do B cells orginate

Back 94

in Red bone marrow

Front 95

What chemical does the helper T cell release

Back 95

Interleukin 2

Front 96

What does the Helper T cell do to the immune system

Back 96

Regulate it

Front 97

Name 4 paranasal sinus

Back 97

1. Ethmodial Sinus
2. frontal sinus
3. maxillary sinus
4. sphenoidal sinus

Front 98

What opens into the nasopharynx

Back 98

Auditory tube

Front 99

What is the largest Cartilage in the Larynx

Back 99

Thyroid Cartilage

Front 100

What cartilage has no cartilage surrounding it

Back 100

terminal bronchioles

Front 101

What are the functions of the Complement cell?

Back 101

1. Cell lysis
2. Osponization
3.inflammation

Front 102

coating of a bacterium with antibody to make it more susceptible to phagocytosis

Back 102

Opsonization

Front 103

Complement factors C5b+C6+C7+C8 make up a membrane attack complex that results in

Back 103

cytolysis