Lymphatic System

Front 1

What are the three general functions of the lymphatic system?

Back 1

Returns tissue fluid and proteins to blood, absorbs and transports lipids from the intestines, and protection against pathogens

Front 2

What are the four general structural components of the lymphatic system?

Back 2

1. Fluid called lymph

2. Lymphatic vessels

3. Lymphatic tissue- reticular C.T. & abundant WBC

4. Lymphatic organs- conncentrations of lymphatic tissue with connective tissue capsules

Front 3

Describe the formation of lymph. What is the rate formed per day?

Back 3

Lymph is a transparent fluid derived from interstitial fluid, creamy white due to chyle as it leaves the intestinal lymphatics; Formed at rate of 3 liters per day

Front 4

Describe the structure of the lymphatic capillaries (terminal lymphatics).

Back 4

Are blind-ended; have larger lumen then blood capillaries; have intercellular clefts which form one way valves; are called lacteals in the microvilli of the small intestine

Front 5

Describe the structure of the collecting vessels.

Back 5

Thinner walls; enter into the lymph node by afferent lymphatic vessels, exit the lymph node by efferent lymphatic vessels

Front 6

What are the lymph trunks?

Back 6

A collection of collecting vessels; 9 all together: 3 form cisterna chyli, 3 form thoracic duct (left lymphatic duct), and 3 form the right lymphatic duct

Front 7

Describe the cisterna chyli.

Back 7

Expanded inferior end of the thoracic duct; receives 3 trunks from below the diaphragm; drains into the thoracic duct

Front 8

Describe the thoracic duct.

Back 8

Left lymphatic duct; continuation of the cisterna chyli; receives 3 trunks from the upper left side; drains into the left subclavian vein

Front 9

Describe the right lymphatic duct.

Back 9

Very short (shorter then thoracic duct); receives 3 trunks from right side of the body above the diaphragm ; drains into the right subclavian vein

Front 10

What three factors facilitate the flow of lymph to the subclavian veins?

Back 10

Rhythmic contractions of smooth muslce in vessel walls; negative thoracic pressure; skeletal muscle "milking" lymph (valves help facilitate unidirectional flow of lymph)

Front 11

Describe diffuse lymphatic tissue.

Back 11

Found in all mucous membranes; called MALT (Mucosa Associated Lymphatic Tissue)

Front 12

Describe lymphatic nodules.

Back 12

Denser masses; sometimes temporary; examples are the appendix, tonsils

Front 13

State structure, location, and function of red bone marrow.

Back 13

Found in flat bones and the epiphysis of long bones; produce B and T cells

Front 14

State the structure, location, and function of the thymus gland.

Back 14

Bilobed, found in the superior mediastinum, superficial to aortic arch; large until puberty; T cells grow and mature here

Front 15

State the structure, location, and function of the lymph nodes.

Back 15

Arranged like beads on string; have a cortex and medulla; connective tissue capsule extends into lymph node forming trabeculae; afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels bring and take lymph to lymph node; sinuses slow and trap pathogens; node filter lymph and activates T and B cells

Front 16

State the function, structure, and location of the spleen.

Back 16

Found in the left hypochondriac region against the diaphragm; filters blood, stores platelets, and produces blood cells in fetus; connective tissue capsule and trabeculae, no afferent lymphatic vessels, has blood sinusoids

Front 17

State the function and location of the pharyngeal tonsil.

Back 17

Form protective ring at the back of the oral cavity; found in posterior nasopharynx

Front 18

State the function and location of the palatine tonsils.

Back 18

Form protective ring at the back of the oral cavity; found in the lateral wall of the oral cavity

Front 19

State the function and location of the lingual tonsil.

Back 19

Forms a protective ring at the back of the oral cavity; found at the base of the tongue