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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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function of the lymphatic system
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1) return excess tissue fluid back to the cardiovascular system
2) filtration of lymph 3) "education" and production of immune system lymphocytes 4) transport of digested lipids from the small intestinal lacteals |
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immune system
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protects our bodies from foreign organisms by fighting infections and conferring immunity to diseases.
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lacteal
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special set of lymph capillaries in villi in the small intestine.
absorb fat |
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lymph flows
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towards the heart
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speed of lymph transport
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slow and sporadic
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structures of the lymph system
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lymphatic capillaries
lymphatic collecting vessels lymphatic nodes lymph trunks lymph ducts |
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vessels of the lymph system
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compare in structure to CV capillaries and veins, have thinner walls and collect excess tissue fluid and return it to the blood stream
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location of lymphatic capillaries exist everywhere BUT
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CNS
bone marrow cornea cartilige |
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edema
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damaged valves or blocked lymph vessels
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lymphatic capillaries
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highly permeable vessels that collect excess tissue fluid, located near blood capillaries and wall consists of single layer of endothelium
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capillaries converge into
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lymphatic collecting vessels
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lymphatic collecting vessels
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accompany blood vessels
have same tunics as blood vessels but walls are thinner |
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how does lymph flow?
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valves
muscle pumping |
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thoracic duct
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drains 3/4 of the body into the left subclavian vein
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lymphatic duct
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drains upper right quadrant into the right subclavian vein
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lymph trunks
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drain large areas of the body, divided into 5 areas
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5 lymph trunks
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lumbar
intestinal Bronchomediastinal Subclavian Jugular |
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lymph duct
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largest lymphatic vessel
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lymphocytes
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type of WBC that fights infections
make antibodies |
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function of lymphocytes
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identification and inactivation/destruction of pathogens
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types of lymphocytes
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T Cells
B Cells Natural Killer Cells |
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T Cells
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cellular immunity
specific for previously identified pathogens target cells for destruction |
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Cytotoxic Killer Cell
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type of T cell, attacks foreign cells directly
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B Cells
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humoral immunity
differentiate into plasma cells memory cells for future exposures flag for destruction |
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Natural Killer Cells
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non specific
provide immunological surveillance |
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Plasma Cell
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type of B cell that produce antibodies in response to a specific antigen
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antibodies are also called
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immunoglobulins (Ig)
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5 classes of Immunoglobulins
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IgG
IgA IgE IgM IgD |
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IgG
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main antibody (Ab) in serum
main antibody released in 2nd response |
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IgA
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main Ab in external secretions
secreted on the surface especially in the respiratory system |
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IgE
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main Ab in allergic reactions
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IgM
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main Ab during 1st response
one of the first to show up |
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IgD
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Ab on virgin B cells
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helper cells
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activate B and T cells
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suppressor cells
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stop further activity
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memory cells
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retain "record" of previous pathogens
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B Cells are most plentiful in
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spleen and bone marrow
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T Cells are most plentiful in
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blood and Thymus
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Lymphopoieosis
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where lymphocytes are produced, B cells and NK cells gain competence
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lymphoid tissue
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main tissue of the immune system, reticular connective tissue that house and activates many lymphocytes
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lymphoid nodule
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unecapsulated clusters of lymphocytes
found beneath epithelial lining of the respiratory, digestive and urinary tracts |
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Mucosa Associated Lymphatic Tissue MALT
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5 tonsils
aggregate lymphoid nodules in intestine appendix |
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lymph nodes function
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filter, cleanse the lymph of pathogens
organ where the lymphatic system and immune system intersect |
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shape and structure of lymph nodes
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bean shaped with hilus
afferent vessels ONE efferent vessel |
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cervical lymph nodes
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drain head and neck
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axillary lymph nodes
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drain arms and breast
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popliteal lymph nodes
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drain legs and drain into inguinal lymph nodes
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inguinal lymph nodes
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drain lower limb
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thoracic lymph nodes
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drain thoracic viscera
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abdominal lymph nodes
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drain pelvic region
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intestinal and mesenteric lymph nodes
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drain abdominal viscera
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Thymus
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only lymphatic organ that does not fight antigens
lies above the heart atrophies with age produce thymosin |
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Spleen Functions
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1) removal of blood borne antigens
2)removal and destruction of aged or defective blood cells 3) resevoir for RBCs 4) initiates immune response to antigens in the blood |
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largest lymphatic organ
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spleen
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red pulp of spleen
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contains RBC's
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white pulp of spleen
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lymphoid tissue
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tonsils
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swelling of mucosa lined pharynx
process antigens and initates immune response |
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types of tonsils
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lingual: located posterior surface of tongue
palatine: posterior to the mouth, largest, one removed in tonsillectomy pharyngeal: AKA adenoids, pharyngeal roof tubal: behind the auditory canal |
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lymphatic system is
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one way
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