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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lymph vessels
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reclaim this fluid, “clean it up”, and return it to the circulatory system
Returns it to the venous system just before it dumps back into heart |
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LYMPH TISSUES
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connective tissue dominated by lymphocytes
tonsils |
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LYMPH ORGANS
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- lymph tissue with a defined capsule and more
organized internal anatomy lymph nodes thymus spleen |
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Tonsils
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(5) a) 2 on sides of throat (palatine tonsils)
b) 1 in back of nasal cavity (adenoids) c) 2 at base of tongue (lingual tonsils) |
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Spleen
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(Lymph organ) Like a big lymph node, but filters blood not tissue fluid
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Thymus
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(Lymph organ) Sits under thyroid gland, just above heart
Main job related to the development and maturation of T-cells (which are responsible for cell-mediated specific immunity) |
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Process of T-cell maturation
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1. Immature (stem) cells from bone marrow travel via bloodstream to reside in thymus *now called THYMOCYTES
2. Thymus cells make hormones THYMOPOIETIN and THYMOSIN that stimulate maturation of thymocytes into mature T-cells that can fight specific infections 3. Thymus cells mediate “selection” of properly developed T-cells: *those that are ready and able to fight infections are allowed to live and leave the thymus **those that didn’t quite come out right are killed off |
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NON-SPECIFIC DEFENSES
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methods of protection that work without regard to the identification of the specific invading entity
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SPECIFIC DEFENSES
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(IMMUNE RESPONSES) methods of protection that are geared to recognize and neutralize specific invading pathogens
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Physical barriers
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(Non-specific defense) skin, hair, secretions of skin, secretions of digestive system
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Phagocytes
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(Non-specific defense) eat up invaders; many WBC’s are phagocytes
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Natural Killer cells (NK)
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(Non-specific defense) Lymphocytes that non-specifically recognize and destroy cancerous cells and cells infected by viruses
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Interferons
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(Non-specific defense) small proteins released by lymphocytes that stimulate the production of antiviral proteins by body cells
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Complement
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(Non-specific defense) intricate system of 11 proteins that “complement” the action of antibodies
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Inflammation
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Non-specific defense
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Fever
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Non-specific defense
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B-Cells
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(Specific Defenses) make antibodies to specific pathogens
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T-Cells
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(Specific Defenses) many different types with a lot of different functions
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Cytotoxic T-cells
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recognize/destroy abnormal, cancerous and infected body cells; also recognize/destroy “foreign” cells [implicated in transplant rejection]
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Helper T-cells
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stimulate the responses of B-cells and other T-cells
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Suppressor T-cells
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inhibit other immune cells, regulate the activity of the immune response so it doesn’t get out of control
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