Lymphatic And Immune Systems

Front 1

adaptive immunity

Back 1

the ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them.

Front 2

Humoral

Back 2

B cells

Front 3

cell-mediated immunity

Back 3

t cells

Front 4

adenoids

Back 4

mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

Front 5

antibody

Back 5

protein produced by B cells to destroy antigens

Front 6

antigen

Back 6

substance that the body recognizes as foreign; evokes an immune response. Most antigens are proteins or protein fragments found on the surface of bacteria, viruses, or organ transplant tissue cells

Front 7

axillary nodes

Back 7

lymph nodes in the armpit

Front 8

B cell (B lymphocyte)

Back 8

lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies

Front 9

cell-mediated immunity

Back 9

T cells (cytotoxic helper and suppressor) respond to antigens and destroy them; a type of adaptive immunity

Front 10

cervical nodes

Back 10

lymph nodes in the neck region

Front 11

complement system

Back 11

set of proteins in the blood that help antibodies kill their target

Front 12

cytokines

Back 12

proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells to aid in antigen destruction. Examples are interferons and interleukins

Front 13

cytotoxic T cell

Back 13

lymphocyte that directly kills antigens; called (CD8+) T cell

Front 14

dendrite cell

Back 14

antigen-presenting cell. Shows T and B cells what to attack

Front 15

helper T cell

Back 15

lymphocyte that aids B cells and stimulates T cells. Also called CD4+ T cell

Front 16

humoral immunity

Back 16

B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens; type of adaptive immunity

Front 17

immunity

Back 17

body's ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs. This includes natural immunity and adaptive immunity

Front 18

immunoglobulins

Back 18

antibodies such as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM and IgD secreted by plasma cells (mature B cells) in response to the presence of an antigen

Front 19

immunotherapy

Back 19

thee use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease.

Front 20

inguinal nodes

Back 20

lymph nodes in the groin region

Front 21

interferons

Back 21

proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response

Front 22

interleukins

Back 22

proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth o f B and T lymphocytes

Front 23

interstitial fluid

Back 23

fluid in the spaces between cells. This fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries

Front 24

lymph

Back 24

thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body. Latin LYMPHA means clear spring water

Front 25

lymph capillaries

Back 25

tiniest lymphatic vessels

Front 26

lymphoid organs

Back 26

lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland

Front 27

lymph node

Back 27

collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels; contains cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) that fight infection

Front 28

lymph vessel

Back 28

carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest

Front 29

macrophage

Back 29

large phagocyte found in the lymph nodes and other tissues of the body (Phag/o means to eat or swallow)

Front 30

mediastinal nodes

Back 30

lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic cavity

Front 31

mesenteric nodes

Back 31

lymph nodes in the mesentery (intestinal region)

Front 32

monoclonal antibody

Back 32

antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells; useful in immunotherapy

Front 33

natural immunity

Back 33

protection that an individual is born with to fight infection such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and NK cells. It is not antigen specific and does not elicit memory

Front 34

paraaortic nodes

Back 34

lymph nodes near the aorta in the lumbar (waist) area of the body

Front 35

plasma cell

Back 35

lymphocyte that secretes antibodies. It matures from B lymphocytes

Front 36

right lymphatic duct

Back 36

lymphatic vessel in the chest that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body. It empties lymph into a large vein in the neck

Front 37

spleen

Back 37

organ in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen that destroys warn-out red blood cells, activates, lymphocytes and stores blood

Front 38

suppressor T cell

Back 38

lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cells. Also called a Treg (regulatory T cell)

Front 39

T cell (T lymphocyte)

Back 39

lymphocyte that acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens

Front 40

tolerance

Back 40

the ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body's own antigens as "self" or friendly. Once tolerance is established, the immune system will not react against the body

Front 41

thoracic duct

Back 41

large lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower and left side of the body. It empties lymph into large veins in the neck

Front 42

thymus gland

Back 42

lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T cells to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response

Front 43

tonsils

Back 43

masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx

Front 44

toxin

Back 44

poison; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants

Front 45

vaccination

Back 45

exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response. the response will destroy any cell that possesses the antigen on its surface and will protect against infection. The term comes from the Latin VACCA, cow - the first inoculations were given with organisms that caused the disease cowpox to produce immunity to smallpox

Front 46

vaccine

Back 46

weakened or killed microorganisms, toxins, or other proteins given to induce immunity to infection or disease

Front 47

immun/o

Back 47

protection

Front 48

lymph/o

Back 48

lymph

Front 49

lymphopoiesis

Back 49

formation of lymphocytes or lymphoid tissue

Front 50

lymphocytopenia

Back 50

deficiency of lymphocytes in the blood. Often associated with susceptibility to infection

Front 51

lymphocytosis

Back 51

excess of lymph cells in the blood

Front 52

lymphaden/o

Back 52

lymph node

Front 53

splen/o

Back 53

spleen

Front 54

splenomegaly

Back 54

enlarged spleen

Front 55

hypersplenism

Back 55

a syndrome marked by splenomegaly and often associated with blood cell destruction, anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia

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thym/o

Back 56

thymus glans

Front 57

tox/o

Back 57

poison, toxic

Front 58

ana-

Back 58

again, anew

Front 59

anaphylaxis

Back 59

unusual hypersensitivity to previously encountered foreign proteins or other antigens. Vasodilation and a decrease of blood pressure can be life-threatening

Front 60

inter-

Back 60

between.

Front 61

-stitial

Back 61

pertaining to standing or positioned

Front 62

lymphoma

Back 62

malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue

Front 63

lymphadenopathy

Back 63

lymph nodes enlarge

Front 64

hodgkin lymphona

Back 64

identified by a type of malignant cell, the Reed-Sternberg cell

Front 65

allergy

Back 65

abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen

Front 66

atopy

Back 66

a hypersensitivity or allergic state arising from an inherited predisposition. A person who is atopic is prone to allergies

Front 67

non- Hodgkin lymphoma

Back 67

mostly B cell lymphomas and rarely T cell malignancies

Front 68

multiple myeloma

Back 68

malignant tumor of bone marrow cells. Composed of plasma cells

Front 69

thymoma

Back 69

malignant tumor of the thymus gland

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CD4+ cell count

Back 70

measures the number of helper T cells in the bloodstream of patients with AIDS

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ELISA

Back 71

screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream. for Ensyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

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immunoelectrophoresis

Back 72

test that separates immunoglobuins

Front 73

viral load test

Back 73

measurement of the amount of AIDS virus (HIV) in the bloodstream

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AIDS

Back 74

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

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HAART

Back 75

highly active antiretroviral therapy

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HIV

Back 76

human immunodeficiency virus - causes AIDS

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HSV

Back 77

herpes simplex virus

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KS

Back 78

Kaposi sarcoma

Front 79

NHL

Back 79

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

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PI

Back 80

protease inhibitor

Front 81

RTI

Back 81

reverse transcriptase inhibitor, for example zidovudine (Retrovir) or lamivudine (Epivir)

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SCID

Back 82

severe combined immunodeficiency disease

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Treg

Back 83

regulatory T cell (suppressor T cell)

Front 84

Toxo

Back 84

toxopasmosis - parasitic infection associated with AIDS