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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lymphatic Pathologies |
-lymphedema -edema -lymphangitis -lymphadenopathy -lymphadenitis -lymphoma |
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Lymphatic System |
Helps maintain fluid balance, transports, nutrients and metabolic wastes along with disease-fighting functions. |
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Anatomical structures of lymphatic system |
-lymph (fluid) -lymph vessels - lymph glands -lymph nodes -organs that move lymph fluid through vessels -lymphocytes (specialized white blood cells) (Ex; bone marrow, thymus, spleen, tonsils,MALT-Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue) |
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Manifestations of lymphatic and immune diseases |
-skin discoloration -unexplained bruising or skin pigmentation -presence of rash, hives or scaliness -enlarged lymph nodes -swelling -limbs unequal in temperature -history of chronic fatigue -failure to gain or maintain weight -excercise intolerance -unexplained weight loss |
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Specific immunity |
When pathogens penetrate the first line of defense, the lymphatic system becomes activated. Can be acquired naturally:exposure or artificially: vaccinations |
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Adaptive immunity |
Responses recognize specific pathogens and respond by launching an attack against them should they reappear. |
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Primary cells involved in adaptive immunity |
Specialized lymphocytes called T cells and B Cells |
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All blood cells are formed |
In red bone marrow |
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Autoimmune diseases |
T and B cells are unable to distinguish the body's own tissues from something that is foreign to the body. These cells then attack the tissues. |
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Lymphedema |
*Lymphedema: abnormal accumulation of fluids within interstitial spaces caused by impaired lymph flow which causes swelling Primary: is rare caused by malformation during fetal development Secondary:caused by condition that creates a loss of lymph transport and impairs flow and causes swelling |
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Edema |
*Abnormal accumulation of fluids resulting from an overloaded lymph transport system which cause she swelling. (Normal functioning) |
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Pitting edema |
Leaves a depression or pit in the skin for several minutes after firm pressure is applied and released |
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Non-pitting edema |
Does not leave a dent after the skin is compressed and released. *most edema is non-pitting |
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Etiology of Lymphedema |
Infections, tumors, or damage or surgical removal of lymphatic structures |
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Etiology of edema |
May be caused by venous stasis as a consequence of sitting too long. Some medications Often a presenting sign of heart, liver, and kidney disease Associated with certain injuries as well as local systemic inflammatory [processes Lower extremities:heart Abdomen:Liver Diffuse:kidney |
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Signs and symptoms of Lymphedema |
Benign: presents with discomfort but rarely pain Malignant: commonly described as painful |
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Treatment of Lymphedema/edema |
-Limit salt intake -Elevation of the area above level of heart -Compressive bandages or stockings -Gentle joint movements to encourage drainage -Diuretics may be used to reduce fluid volume in edema but not Lymphedema -AVOID PROLONGED STANDING |
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Massage considerations for Lymphedema |
-avoid red and warm areas - in Lymphedema avoid if client indicates tendency to swell in that area -in case of edema elevate no inflamed swollen area on cushion to elevate -light pressure to stretch skin and improve lymph flow --apply technique in the direction of normal lymphatic flow toward groin or axillae plus soles of foot -consider other medical conditions -heat and all forms of thermal therapy are contraindicated |
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Lymphangitis |
Infection and inflammation of lymphatic vessels It is most often a complication of a bacterial infection indicating that a primary infection is spreading |
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Lymphadenaopathy |
Enlarged local lymph nodes *Local contraindication |
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Non-Hodgkin Lymphona (malignant Lymphona) |
Most common Men more likely to get More common in pre adolescence and in 50-70yr old More widespread with multiple node involvement and non organized metas teases in early stages. Well advanced at dianosis |
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Hodgkin Disease |
Cancer of lymph nodes First signs: large painless non tender lymph nodes in cervical area can be painful after drinking alcohol Low grade fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue and anemia |
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Allergy |
Altered immunologic responses to otherwise harmless substances Approximately 50 million people in the US have allergies |
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Allergen |
Substance that produces allergic reaction |
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Type 1 allergic reaction |
Most common reactions Most perilous is anaphylaxis |
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) |
Prolonged and severe tiredness and disabling fatigue Diagnosis is made after 50% decrease in activities of daily living for at least 6 months and has had at least four of more than 60 symptoms published by CDS and fatigue does not have identifiable cause Appears to be linked to an overactive immune response |
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Signs and Symptoms of CFS |
Confusion and memory deficits Sleep disturbance Influenza-like symptoms Sore throat , headache fever, unexplained muscle soreness joint pain, enlarged lymph nodes w/tenderness in neck or armpits Depression is frequent complaint Orthostatic hypotension |
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CFS massage considerations |
Gentle massage Ask about current symptoms May reduce treatment time to 30 min Lighter than normal pressure to keep from further fatiguing client |
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Lupus |
(SLE) chronic autoimmune, inflammatory disease in which connective tissue is under attack. Affects skin, bones, joints, nervous system, kidneys, lungs, and other organs. Blood and blood vessels involved leading to Raynaud's disease 2 other types (DLE) affects only skin and drug-induced triggered by medication used to treat hypertension and arrhythmias resolving after medication is withdrawn. |
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Lupus treatment and massage considerations |
Avoid aggravating factors: sun exposure, stress and activities that induce excessive fatigue Massage contraindicated during periods of exacerbation or fever During periods of remission a gentle full body massage is indicated avoiding areas with rash |
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Multiple myeloma |
Cancer with plasma cells Occurs in multiple bone marrow sites in the body A high serum calcium level occurs as bone is destroyed Frequent infections as well as anemia and bleeding tendencies. Raynaud's may be present Disorders of kidney are common Complaints of weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, and weigh loss in addition to pain |
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AIDS |
Viral infection characterized by progressive impairment of the immune response and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant tumors Stage IV- final stage of HIV Average time from exposure to development of AIDS is just over 10 years .9% of world's current population is infected with HIV |
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For later |
For later |
