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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the agent that causes Lyme borreliosis?
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Tick-transmitted disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi
-much smaller genome than lepto so gets in body and just wonders around |
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What is the distribution of Lyme borreliosis?
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Worldwide distribution
-85% of cases in the NE coastal states -most in Minnesota & Wisconsin |
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What is the recognized vector of Borrelia burgdorferi?
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Ixodes ticks
-I. scapularis in NE and north central US -I pacificus and I neotomae in western US |
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How do deers fit into the life cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi?
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They are the animals that have the tick on them
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What stage of the tick life cycle transmits the Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria that causes Lymes diseaes?
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Usually nymph that transmits to dogs & people because more likely to see and remove the adult than the nymph
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How do rodents come into play with the life cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi?
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In the Western states the ixodes spinipalpus tick is maintained in rodents especially the white footed mouse and chipmunks
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During what season(s) is Lymes a big concern?
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Late spring and early summer
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True or false. Deers are important in maintaining the Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria.
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False, deers are important for maintaining the tick, not the borrelia bacteria
-dogs, horses, cows, people etc are accidental victims of a hungry tick!!! |
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How long does a tick have to be attached to an animal before infecting the host? Why?
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24 hours, this is the time it takes for the bacteria to migrate from the tick midgut to the salivary glands.
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***How long is the incubation period of Borrelia burgdorferi?
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2-5 months: so when have clinical signs should have antibodies
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What is the general pattern of Lyme disease?
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Skin infestation, followed by generalized infection
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***What is the most common clinical manifestation of Lyme disease in dogs?
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Polyarthritis
-chronic non-erosive arthritis -persistent infection |
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What 4 parts of the body are attacked during the systemic infection from Borrelia burgdorferi/
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1) Connective tissues
2) joint capsules 3) Muscle 4) Lymph nodes |
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Do cats get Lymes disease?
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-develop clinical signs if experimentally infected
-Clinical signs do not consistently develop in naturally infected cats |
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What are the systemic signs of Lyme disease?
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Anorexia, weight loss, lethargy, lymphadenomegaly
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True or false. Borrelia burgdorferi sometimes attacks the liver in dogs.
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False, can attack the kidneys but not lier
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What are the clinical signs of Borrelia burgdorferi affecting the kidneys?
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-protein losing nephropathy (glomerular disease)
-acute progressive renal failure (*Lyme nephritis) |
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What animals are most prone to developing lyme nephritis? How is this diagnosed?
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Labs and golden retrievers
-cause unique histopathologic lesions -horrible disease w/ poor outcome |
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What are 2 other manifestations of lyme disease (not renal, not systemic, not polyarthritis signs)?
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-Lyme myocarditis
-CNS inflammation (reported but poorly described) |
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***Lymes disease is one tick borne disease that is not associated with __________.
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Thrombocytopenia
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What are 4 laboratory findings of Lyme disease?
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1) Leukocytosis w/ left shift, monocytosis, mild anemia
2) Proteinuria 3) Azotemia 4) Joints---> neutrophilic inflammation (pretty much all joint disease that's not septic arthritis=neutrophilic inflammation) |
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Prevalence of seropositivity is much higher than prevalence of _____.
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Disease
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ELISA or IFA both look for whole cell body antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi, why shouldn't this be sued?
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Poor specificity
cross reaction w/ vaccine Non-specific reactivity |
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What are the 2 ways to reach a diagnosis of Lyme disease?
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1) Clinical signs + serology
2) C6 antibodies |
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What is beneficial about performing a Western-blot on dogs that you think have Lyme disease?
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Can differentiate b/w vaccine and natural exposure
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Why can't IgM be used as an indicator of recent Borrelia burgdorferi infection?
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Titers remain elevated for prolonged periods of time after infection
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What test is used to detect C6 antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi?
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"SNAP-test"
quantitative C6 tests |
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Why are C6 antibodies the best test for Lymes disease?
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Not part of OspA
Not affected by vaccination Highly specific Quantitative so might be able to use to gauge treatment success |
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When are the C6 antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi detectable?
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3 weeks post-exposure
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What 2 things do you need to consider in a dog that is seropositive for lymes disease?
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Clinical signs?
Proteinuria? |
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What is the therapy for an asymptomatic, non-proteinuric animal that is seropositive for Lymes disease?
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No therapy
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What do you treat in an animal that is symptomatic, non-proteinuric and is seropositive for Lymes disease?
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Treat lyme (doxycycline)
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What do you treat in an animal that is seropositive for Lymes disease, but is asymptomatic and proteinuric?
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Recheck proteinuria periodically
If persistent or severe: treat Lyme and proteinuria |
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What do you treat in an animal that is symptomatic and proteinuric and seropositive for Lyme disease?
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Treat Lyme & proteinuria
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What is the drug of choice to treat Lyme diseaes? What are the other drugs that CAN be used?
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1) Doxycycline (drug of choice)
-longer if nephropathy 2) Amoxicillin 3) Ceftriaxone is used in humans with meningitis |
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What are 2 ways to prevent Lyme disease?
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1) Strict tick-control
2) Vaccine |
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What are the 3 types of vaccines available for Lyme disease?
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1) Bacterina + adjuvant vaccines (value questionable)
2) Single protein vaccines (OspA) 3) Dual protein vaccines (OspA and OspC) |
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How do single protein vaccines (OspA) work?
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-OspA antibodies block migration sof the organism from the tick into the dog
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Why doesn't the single protein vaccine clear the infection in the dog?
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Because the change in temperature from the low temp tick to the high temp dog shifts antibody expression from OspA to Osp C and OspC antibodies are not borrelicidal
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What do dual protein vaccines protect against? Why?
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Protect from infection and disease
-OspC antibodies are borrelicidal |
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What dogs should be vaccinated for Lyme disease? When?
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At risk dogs before tick season
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How long does immunity from the Lyme disease vaccine last?
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6 months
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How can you differentiate antibodies from the Lyme disease vaccine and naturally occurring disease?
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Western-blot
C6 antigens |
