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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normal Hypertension
Range |
S <120
D <80 |
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Prehypertension
Range |
S 120-139
D 80-89 |
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Stage 1 hypertension
Range |
S 140-159
D 90-99 |
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Stage 2 hypertension
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S > 160
D > 100 |
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Hypertension is often asymtomatic
What does that mean? |
Without symptoms
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Hypertension is associated with what? (artery)
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The thickening and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls.
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Hypertension is associated wiht whate? (vascular)
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Peripheral vascular resistnace increasees w/in thick and ineleastic vessles.
The heart pump against greater resistance |
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What vital organs are affected due to the decrease of blood flow?
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Heart
Brain Kidneys |
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Hypotension
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Occurs because the systolic blood pressure falls to 90mm or below
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What causes hypotension?
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the dilation of the arteries in the vascular bed
the loss of subst amout of blood volume(hemorrhage) failure of the heart to pump(myocardial infarction) |
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Orthostatic hypotension
or postural hypotension |
Symptoms of low blood pressure when rising to an upright position.
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Syncope
pg 602 |
Reflex drop in the heart rate and blood pressure
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Occlusion
pg 602 |
Blockage
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Stenosis
pg 602 |
Narrowing
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atherosclerosis
pg 603 |
Yellowish plague of cholesterol, other lipids and cellular debris in the inner wall of the arteries.
Arterial disease |
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Jugular Veins
pg 603 |
The most accessible and visual veins are the internal and external jugualr veins in the neck.
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Peripheral Arteries and Veins
pg 604 |
To examine, first must assess the adequacy of blood flow to the exterm. by measuring the arterial pulses and the condition of the skin and nails.
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Strenght of the pulse
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0 Absent not palpable
1+ Pulse diminished, barely palpable 2+ Expected/normal 3+Full pulse, increased 4+ Bounding pulse |
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Clubbing
pg 608 |
Due to insufficent O2 at the periphery resuting from conditions such as chronic emphysema and congenital heart disease
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The P's
char. of occlusion |
Pain
Pallor Pulselessness Paresthesias Paralysis |
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Arterial or Venous alterations
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Inspect LE for change in color, temp, and skin.
Absence of hair growth in LE |
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Capillary refill
pt 608 |
Should be < 3 sec
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Peripheral Veins
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Dependent edema around the area of the feet and ankles is a sign of venous insufficiency or right sided heart failure.
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Phelbitis
pg 609 |
Inflamm of a vein that occurs comonly after trauma to the veessel wall infection, immobi and proglonged insert of IV cath
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Edema
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1+ = 2 mm
2+ = 4 mm 3 + = 6mm 4+ = 8 mm |
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Pharmacokinetics
pg 689 |
the study of how meds enter the body, reach their site of action, metabolize and exit the body.
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Absorption
pg 689 |
The passage of med molecules into the blood from the site of med adm
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Factors that influence med absorption
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Route
Ability of the med to dissole Blood flow to the site of adm Body surface area Lipid solubility of meds |
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Myocardial ischemia
pg 916 |
Resuts when the supply of blood to the myocardium from the corn art is insuff to meet the need for O2
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Angina Pectoris
pg 916 |
Imbalance between myocaridal oxygen suplly and demand
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Myocardial Infarction MI
pg 916 |
Sudden dec in cor blood flow or an increase in myocardial O2 demand w/out adequate cor perfussion
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Hyperventilation
pg 916 |
A state of ventilation in excess of the required eliminate the CO2 produced by cellular metabolism
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Hypoventilation
pg 916 |
Alveolar vent is inadequate to meet the bodys O2 demand or to eliminate sufficent CO2
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Hypoxia
pg 916 |
Inadequate tissue oxygenation at the cellular level
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Post op concerns
pg 1402 |
Hemorrhage
Hypovelemic shock Thrombophiebitis Embolus |
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Hypertensive crisis
L pg 756 |
Indicate a hypertensive urgency or emergency
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How is a hypertensive crisis assessed?
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By the degreee of target organ damage and how quickly the BP most by lowered
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What is more important in a hypertensivie crisis
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The rate of the rise of the BP
not the absolute value |
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Systemic vascular resistance
SVR L p 739 |
the force opposing the movement of blood within the blood vessels.
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Virchow's triad
L pg 882 |
Causes of venous thrombosis
Venous statis Damage of the endothelium (inner lining of the vein) Hypercoagulability of the blood |
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Superficial vein throm
SVT L pg 882 |
in the superficial vein
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Deep vein throm
DVT L p 882 |
in the deep vein
iliac and femoral veins |
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Venous throm
VTE L pg 882 |
from DVT to pulmonary embolism
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