Luther

Front 1

When was Luther born and where?

Back 1

1483 in electoral saxony

Front 2

When did Luther join an Augustinian monastery?

Back 2

1505

Front 3

When did the papacy made it possible for people to buy indulgences for friends and family in purgatory?

Back 3

1476

Front 4

When was the indulgences sale launched to pay to build the st. peter's basilica in Rome?

Back 4

1514

Front 5

Who was the money from the sale of indulgences divided by?

Back 5

Leo X for buliding and Albert, the archbishop of Mainz.

Front 6

When did John Tetzel gain overseeing indulgence sales?

Back 6

1517

Front 7

Where was the new indulgences sale banned by whom?

Back 7

Fredrick the wise: in electoral saxony.

Front 8

What were Luther's beliefs?

Back 8

That faith alone saves, and that good works don't help to save the soul, they are actually a positive danger to it.
that scripture was the guid to god- no the authority of the church.
All of his beliefs were a revival of old ones (other people have had them before hand)

Front 9

When did Luther had an intense study and contemplation of the texts ( St. Paul's letters and St. Augustine )

Back 9

1513 - 1520

Front 10

What were the 1520 writings?

Back 10

Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation
The Babylonis Captivity of the Church
The Freedom of a Christian

Front 11

Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation (Aug 1520)

Back 11

An appeal to the emperor Charles V and rulers of Germany to lead a reform of the church = priests were not special - no need to a middle man between man and god, therefore priests could marry and there was no use for monasteries.

Front 12

The Babylonis Captivity of the Church (Oct 1520)

Back 12

Most revolutionary, the whole sacramental system is a fraud = no evidence in the scripture for four securements (only 3)
Everyone should have the bread and wine - The mass was not a re-enactment of christ's sacrifice. It was not a good work for the merit of laypeople.
No transubstantiation - no change to the bread and wine.

Front 13

The Freedom of a Christian (Nov 1520)

Back 13

Christians were released from the rituals of the Church : faith would shows through love for other people and in good works.

Front 14

When did Luther publish the 95 theses?

Back 14

31st of October 1517 - Good timing because 1st of November focuses on the dead and purgatory in the Catholic Church so many people will see it.

Front 15

The 95 Theses

Back 15

95 points of academic argument against the sale of indulgences - They showed Luther's anger against salesmen and the deceit they caused.
As well as sticking them on the door of the church, he sent printed copies to his own bishop and to the archbishop of Mainz : with a letter, pointing out that people thought they were saved when paid, and a suggestion to the indulgences sellers. They spread quickly throughout Germany and Italy - pamphlets.

Front 16

The meeting at Augsburg (October 1518)

Back 16

Cardinal Cajetan was the voice of the pope and tried to make Luther admit that he was wrong - that aggravated Luther and he denied the authority of the pope over indulgences even more.
-- People were already looking at Luther as the "Honest German" against the"Italian" Pope - so Cajetan couldn't arrest Luther or take him from Germany.

Front 17

The Leipzig Debate (July 1518)

Back 17

It was held in the presence of Duke George (oppesed Luther) at Leipzig Uni. It laster 18 days.
John Eck challenged Luther - He forced Luther into a corner - Luther condemned himself a heretic when he said that faith alone saves and that the authority of the pope was based on a lie as there was no evidence to a pope or purgatory in the bible. (Used many views of Jan Hus)

Front 18

Luther's Bull of Excommunication - June 1520 - In Rome - results:

Back 18

The Bull condemned 41 of Luther's views as heretical = His books were burned in a public square - He was given 60 days to deny (recant) his views, and was banned from further preaching and writing.
-John Eck was responsible for publishing the bull in Germany - there was strong resistance to him in north and central Germany.
- When Duke George published the bull in Leipzig it was ripped down in the night.
- On 10th of December 1520 the students of Wittenberg held a huge bonfire and burned copies of canon law, Anti-Lutheran books and papal decrees in revenge for the Bull. - Luther attended a burned a copy of the papal bull. - this was seen as symbolically burning the Pope (Leo X) himself.
On January 1521 Luther's excommunication was finalised.

Front 19

The Diet of Worms (January to April 1521)

Back 19

Charles V decided to give Luther a fair hearing and promised him a safe conduct (same as Hus - Luther too loved to fear).
It was attended by Charles V, princes, electors, dukes, imperial cities and other groups within the empire (basically everyone who was slightly important)
Luther was asked if the writings that were in his name were really his and if he was prepared to give up the opinions in them = next day he said he couldn't give up his views. That day ended with Luther's famous words : "God help me, Amen." = Charles V answered the next day : "A single Monk, led astray by private judgment... I have resolved never again, under any circumstances, to hear him."

Front 20

Outcomes of the Diet of Worms (1521)

Back 20

By the Edict of Worms Luther was declared an outlaw. - under the terms of safe conduct Luther was allowed to return to Witternberg = on the way he was "kidnapped" when he reached Saxon territory by the Elector Fredrick's men. - He was taken to the castle in Warburg that was near the large town of Eisenach (Luther's birth place).
Luther stayed in Warburg for the next 10 months (Until 1522) and produced pamphlets that were published in Eisenach and began translating ht New testament to german.