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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What defines a tumor nodule? A mass?
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Nodules are less than 3 cm in diameter.
Masses are greater than 3 cm. |
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What is the most common cause for lung cancers? Which cancers are most closely associated?
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Smoking. Closely associated with squamous cell and small cell carcinoma.
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What are signs and symptoms of lung cancers?
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Hoarseness
Chest pain Pneumonia Effusions Hemoptysis |
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What clinical syndromes are associated with lung cancer?
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Superior vena cava syndrome
Horner's syndrome |
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What are clinical features of adenocarcinoma?
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Younger patients, nonsmokers
Mostly peripheral Associated with scars |
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What is the pathology of adenocarcinoma?
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Mucin production
Glandular epithelial malignancy |
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What is the survival of adenocarcinoma?
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5 year: 50-80%
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What is bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma?
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Adenocarcinoma with cylindrical tumor cells growing on the walls of alveoli.
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What is the survival of bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma?
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90%
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What are clinical features of squamous cell carcinoma?
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Most strongly associated with smoking
Central location around bronchi Pancoast tumors Induce hypercalcemia |
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What is the survival for squamous cell carcinoma?
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30-50%
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What is morphology of squamous cell carcinoma?
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Atelectasis
Squamous metaplasia Invasion of squamous cells into the basal cells |
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What are clinical features of small cell carcinoma?
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Smoking association
Presents late stage as a mediastinal mass |
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What is morphology of small cell carcinoma?
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Scant cytoplasm
Granular chromatin Absent nucleoli Frequent mitoses |
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What is the survival of small cell carcinoma?
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less than 1%
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What are clinical features of large cell carcinoma?
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Smoking
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What is the morphology of large cell carcinoma?
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Large nuclei
Prominent nucleoli Abundant cytoplasm |
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What is the survival for large cell carcinoma?
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11.6%
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What are clinical features of bronchial carcinoid?
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Young patients
Central location |
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What is the morphology of bronchial carcinoid?
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Epithelial neuroendocrine cells origine
Endobronchial masses Mitoses |
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What mutations for lung cancer have a specific treatments?
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ALK
EGFR |
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How do Gefitinib or Erlotinib (EGFR inhibitors) work to treat lung cancer?
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Treat the specific cancer mutation of EGFR
Blocks cellular signalling by blocking the tyrosine kinase and leading to apoptosis |
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How does excision repair cross complentation group treat lung cancer?
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Platinum containing compounds bind to DNA that result to cell death.
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How do bevacizumab and avastin (monoclonal antibodies) treat lung cancer?
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Inhibits action of vascular endothelial growth factor.
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What is malignant mesothelioma? What is it associated with?
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Parietal or visceral pleura
Exposure to asbestos |
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What is solitary fibrous tumor?
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Localized spindled cell tumor of the pleura not originating from mesothelial cells.
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