Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Clinical findings of typical lobar, (bacterial) pneumonia
|
high fever, chills, productive cough, rusty sputum, SOB, decreased breath sounds over area of infection, increased tactile fremitis, dullness to percussion. + e to a, and + bronchophony, and rales
|
|
|
Complications of Pneumonia
|
fibrosis, scarring and adhesions, abscess, empyema, and massive sepsis if it spreads
|
|
|
What are the four phases of lobar pneumonia
|
1) redness, hyperemia and congestion 2) red hepatization (hard) 3) gray/pale hepatization 4) resolution
|
|
|
Clinical findings of Bronchial Pneumonia
|
scattered areas of puss centered around bronchioles, bilateral and most severe in bases. Most seen in young or old
|
|
|
Common causes of Pneumonia
|
Staph, Strep, H Influenzae, Pseudomonas A.
|
|
|
What is an abscess? what makes it up?
|
A walled off area of infection, with neutrophils surrounding a central area of necrosis filled with puss (dead neutrophils, cellular debris),
|
|
|
Most common cause and location of a lung abscess?
|
aspirated oropharyngeal material, found in right lower lobe. is a mix of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria.
|
|
|
What are the clinical presentations of atypical pneumonia, and their causative agents?
|
interstitial, intraseptal pneumonia, no consolidation. Micoplasma pneumonia (look for cold agglutinans) Chlamidia pneumonia, also viruses
|
|
|
What complications are people with atypical pneumonias susceptible to?
|
superimposed bacterial infections, and reyes syndrome if the baby has influenza and takes aspirin
|
|
|
What is the only demographic in the United States where TB is on the rise?
|
AIDS, and other immunocompromised patients
|
|
|
What is the clinical presentation of TB?
|
Fever, night sweats, weight loss, cough, with blood. caseating granulomas with giant cells,
|
|
|
What is the presentation of primary TB?
|
Caseating granulomas near pleura in the middle lobe, above or below the septum, with a Ghon focus. if the granuloma also goes to lymph node, is a ghon complex
|
|
|
Area of lung where TB lies dormant during time between primary and secondary infection?
|
The upper (apical) area of the upper lobes of the lung, where O2 concentration is highest
|
|
|
What are the gross findings in the lung of secondary TB?
|
Simon focus(large caseating granulomas) in apical area of lung. cavitary lesions, milliary spreading usually seen in immunocompromised
|
|
|
What are the main places where secondary TB will spread?
|
meninges of brain, neck, heart, liver, spleen, bones(potts disease) abdomen, epdidymous and Fallopian tubes
|
|
|
Most common people affected with Sarcoidosis
|
African American Females
|
|
|
Clinical presentation of sarcoidosis
|
SOB, fatigue, malaise, skin lesions, eye irritation and pain, blurry vision. fever night sweats,
|
|
|
Hallmark lesion of Sarcoidosis, and most common location
|
non caseating granulomas. mostly in lungs, and hilar lymph nodes but could be in almost any organ, bone, even the uvea and parotid gland, schaumans bodies in granulomas, and star shaped inclusions called asteroid bodies
|
|
|
What enzyme will be elevated in a patient with Sarcoidosis?
|
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, it is being made in the granulomas in the lung
|
|
|
Treatment of Sarcoidosis
|
corticosteroids
|
|
|
What is obstructive airway disease, and what are its presentations?
|
problem getting air out of lung. increased airway resistance secondary to obstruction. will have increased total volume, increased residual volume, decreased FEV1, decreased FEV, decreased FEV1/FEV ratio, peak flow decreased
|
|
|
What are the causes obstructive airway disease?
|
asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and bronchiectasis
|
|
|
What is restrictive Airway disease, and what are its presentations?
|
problem getting air into lung, due to restriction, increased elastic forces. decreased total capacity, decreased vital capacity, decreased FEV1, decreased FEV, increased FEV1/FEV ratio
|
|
|
What are the causes of restrictive airway disease?
|
chest wall disorders, obesity, kyphoscoliosis, polio, ARDS, pmeumoconiosis, pulmonary fibrosis
|
