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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Cheyne-Stokes respiration?
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Periods of progressively deeper breathing which peak, then get more shallow
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What causes Cheyne-Stokes respiration?
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CHF, brain damage
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What is Biot's respiration?
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Apnea alternating irreglarly with breaths that terminate abruptly
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What causes Biot's respiration?
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meningitis
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What is Kussmaul's breathing?
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Deep, regular breathing
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What does Kussmaul's breathing signify?
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DKA
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What does inspiratory stridor indicate?
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Upper airway pathology
Eg- croup of epiglottitis |
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What is Pickwickian syndrome?
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Obesity
OSA Alveolar hypoventilation Right sided heart failure Polycythemia |
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What is clubbing associated with?
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Carcinoma
Bronchiectasis Abcess TB Fibrosis NOT COPD |
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What causes Horner's Syndrome?
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Involvement of inferior cervical or superior thoracic sympathetic ganglia, most commonly by tumor (esp. a SULCUS tumor)
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What is pulsus paradoxus?
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Increased deviation between inspiration and expiration BP.
On inspiration you end up with increased pooling of blood in thoracic vessels and heart VR to RV increases, but not to LV You get septal shift, decreased LV compliance, so decreased CO |
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When is tactile fremitus increased?
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Pneumonia
(consolidation around patent bronchial tree) |
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When is tactile fremitus decreased?
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Anytime airway is blocked or if vibration has to cross a barrier
Pleural effusion, bronchial obstruction, pneumothorax, pleural tumor, fibrosis |
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What does unilateral pleural fibrosis do to the traceha?
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Pulls trachea towards hemithorax
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When are percussions of the chest tympanic?
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Pneumothorax
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When are percussion sounds hyperresonant?
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Emphysema
Acute asthma |
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When are purcussions sounds dull?
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Consolidation (pneumonia, tumor, pleural effusion)
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When are percussion sounds flat?
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Massive pleural effusion
total collapse of a lung Fibrothorax |
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Where are bronchovesicular breath sounds heard?
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Between 1st and 2d intercostal space
Between scapulae posterior |
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Where are bronchial breath sounds heard?
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Over the manubrium
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When is bronchophony heard?
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Any area with consolidation (pneumonia)
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When is whispered pectoriloquy heard?
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Any area with consolidation
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When is egophony heard?
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Consolidated lung tissue
Pleural effusion |
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When are crackles heard?
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Excess airway secretion from bronchitis
respiratory infection pulmonary edema atelactesis Fibrosis CHF |
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Whneb are wheezes heard?
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Asthma
CHF endobronchial obstruction vocal cord abnormalities acute respiratory infections |
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When are pleural friction rubs heard?
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Irritative process
Occurs during inspiration and expiration |
