Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
T or F: all carcinoid tumors are malignant.
|
true, they are slow growing and but eventually they will metastasize
|
|
|
what is the etiology of carcinoid tumors?
|
neural crest cells
|
|
|
where are carcinoid tumors located in the lungs?
|
grow inside the bronchus causing obstruction
|
|
|
how do people with a carcinoid tumor in the lungs present?
|
- persistent cough
- hemoptysis - recurrent or obstructive pneumonitis |
|
|
a patient has a growth removed from the lung. microscopic analysis shows salt and pepper chromatin, very few mitoses, lots of blood vessels and nests of cells that are well circumscribed. what is the most likely diagnosis?
|
carcinoid tumor of the lung
|
|
|
what is an atypical carcinoid tumor?
|
a carcinoid tumor with increased mitotic activity, irregular nuclei, areas of increased cellularity, and areas of necrosis
|
|
|
how do we treat carcinoid tumors of the lung?
|
surgical resection = cure as long as there are no mets
|
|
|
where do small cell carcinomas originate?
|
large airways
|
|
|
what is the cell of origin of small cell carcinomas?
|
neuroendocrine
|
|
|
what is the etiology of small cell carcinoma?
|
smoking; only 1% of cases are non-smokers
|
|
|
what is the most important of the neuroendocrine carcinomas?
|
small cell carcinoma
|
|
|
what is the prognosis of a patient with small cell carcinoma?
|
poor; they are very aggressive, metastasize early and often, and have usually metastasized by the time they are found
|
|
|
what do you see under a microscope in a patient with small cell carcinoma?
|
sheets of pleomorphic cells with no architecture, no nucleus, no cytoplasm, and lots of necrosis
|
|
|
what oncogenes are important in the development of lung cancers?
|
- K-ras = non-small cell lung cancer
- C-myc = small cell lung cancer - 3p = almost all small cell lung cancers and most non-small cell lung cancers - p53 mutations = more common in small cell lung cancer |
|
|
what causes squamous cell carcinoma?
|
strongly linked to cigarette smoking
|
|
|
what histologic features help make the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma?
|
intercellular bridging and keratin fibers
|
|
|
what is the cause of Pancoast or superior sulcus syndrome?
|
peripherally located squamous cell carcinomas
|
|
|
what is the most common lung cancer in women and nonsmokers?
|
adenocarcinoma
|
|
|
where are most adenocarcinomas located?
|
periphery of the lung
|
|
|
what determines whether or not we have an adenocarcinoma of the lung?
|
presence of glands and mucus
|
|
|
what lung cancer shows atypical cells lining the alveolar septa?
|
bronchioloalveolar carcinoma
|
|
|
a person has a lung growth that is large, bulky and well circumscribed. it has extensive hemorrhage and central necrosis. biopsy showed large cells that formed no pattern. there is no intercellular bridging and no glandular formation. the person has smoked for 20 years. what is the most likely diagnosis?
|
large cell carcinoma
|
|
|
will large cell carcinoma metastasize?
|
yes, it is a malignant tumor
|
|
|
a biopsy of a lung mass shows large, highly pleomorphic multinucleated giant cells that have finely vacuolated eosinophilic cytoplasm. what is the most likely diagnosis?
|
giant cell carcinoma
|
