Lsuhsc L1 Block 3 (Fall)

Front 1

Origin of External Oblique Muscle

Back 1

External surfaces of 5th-12th ribs

Front 2

Insertion of External Oblique Muscle

Back 2

Linea alba, pubic tubercle, and anterior half of iliac crest

Front 3

Innervation of External Oblique Muscle

Back 3

Thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11 spinal nerves) and subcostal nerve

Front 4

Origin of Internal Oblique Muscle

Back 4

Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior two thirds of iliac crest, and connective tissue deep to lateral third of inguinal ligament

Front 5

Insertion of Internal Oblique Muscle

Back 5

Inferior borders of 10th-12th ribs, linea alba, and pecten pubis via conjoint tendon

Front 6

Innervation of Internal Oblique Muscle

Back 6

Thoracoabdominal nerves (anterior rami of T6-T12 spinal nerves) and first lumbar nerves

Front 7

Main Action of Internal Oblique Muscle

Back 7

Compresses and supports abdominal viscera, flexes and rotates trunk

Front 8

Origin of Transversus Abdominis Muscle

Back 8

Internal surfaces of 7th-12th costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and connective tissue deep to lateral third of inguinal ligament

Front 9

Insertion of Transversus Abdominis Muscle

Back 9

Linea alba with aponeurosis of internal oblique, pubic crest, and pecten pubis via conjoint tendon

Front 10

Innervation of Transversus Abdominis Muscle

Back 10

Thoracoabdominal nerves (anterior rami of T6-T12 spinal nerves) and first lumbar nerves

Front 11

Main Action of Transversus Abdominis Muscle

Back 11

Compresses and supports abdominal viscera

Front 12

Origin of Rectus Abdominis Muscle

Back 12

Pubic symphysis and pubic crest

Front 13

Insertion of Rectus Abdominis Muscle

Back 13

Xiphoid process and 5th-7th costal cartilages

Front 14

Innervation of Rectus Abdominis Muscle

Back 14

Thoracoabdominal nerves (anterior rami of T6-T12 spinal nerves)

Front 15

Main Action of Rectus Abdominis Muscle

Back 15

Flexes trunk (lumbar vertebrae) and compresses abdominal viscera; stabilizes and controls tilt of pelvis (antilordosis)

Front 16

Origin of Psoas Major Muscle

Back 16

Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae; sides of bodies of T12-L5 vertebrae and intervening intervertebral discs

Front 17

Insertion of Psoas Major Muscle

Back 17

By a strong tendon to lesser trochanter of femur

Front 18

Innervation of Psoas Major Muscle

Back 18

Anterior rami of lumbar nerves L1, L2, L3

Front 19

Main Action of Psoas Major Muscle

Back 19

Acting inferiorly with iliacus, it flexes thigh; acting superiorly it flexes vertebral column laterally; it is used to balance the trunk; when sitting it acts inferiorly with iliacus to flex trunk

Front 20

Origin of Iliacus Muscle

Back 20

Superior two thirds of iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac ligaments

Front 21

Insertion of Iliacus Muscle

Back 21

Lesser trochanter of femur and shaft inferior to it, and to psoas major tendon

Front 22

Innervation of Iliacus Muscle

Back 22

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

Front 23

Main Action of Iliacus Muscle

Back 23

Flexes thigh and stabilizes hip joint; acts with psoas major

Front 24

Origin of Quadratus Lumborum Muscle

Back 24

Medial half of inferior border of 12th ribs and tips of lumbar transverse processes

Front 25

Insertion of Quadratus Lumborum Muscle

Back 25

Iliolumbar ligament and internal lip of iliac crest

Front 26

Innervation of Quadratus Lumborum Muscle

Back 26

Anterior branches of T12 and L1-L4 nerves

Front 27

Main Action of Quadratus Lumborum Muscle

Back 27

Extends and laterally flexes vertebral column; fixes 12th rib during inspiration

Front 28

Origin of Obturator Internus Muscle

Back 28

Pelvic surfaces of ilium and ischium; obturator membrane

Front 29

Insertion of Obturator Internus Muscle

Back 29

Greater trochanter of femur

Front 30

Innervation of Obturator Internus Muscle

Back 30

Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)

Front 31

Main Action of Obturator Internus Muscle

Back 31

Rotates thigh laterally; assists in holding head of femur in acetabulum

Front 32

Origin of Piriformis Muscle

Back 32

Pelvic surface of S2-S4 segments; superior margin of greater sciatic notch and sacrotuberous ligament

Front 33

Insertion of Piriformis Muscle

Back 33

Greater trochanter of femur

Front 34

Innervation of Piriformis Muscle

Back 34

Anterior rami of S1 and S2

Front 35

Main Action of Piriformis Muscle

Back 35

Rotates thigh laterally; abducts thigh; assists in holding head of femur in acetabulum

Front 36

Origin of Coccygeus (Ischiococcygeus) Muscle

Back 36

Ischial spine

Front 37

Insertion of Coccygeus (Ischiococcygeus) Muscle

Back 37

Inferior end of sacrum and coccyx

Front 38

Innervation of Coccygeus (Ischiococcygeus) Muscle

Back 38

Branches of S4 and S5 spinal nerves

Front 39

Main Action of Coccygeus (Ischiococcygeus) Muscle

Back 39

Forms small part of pelvic diaphragm that supports pelvic viscera; flexes coccyx

Front 40

Origin of Levator Ani (Puborectalis, Pubococcygeus, And Iliococcygeus) Muscle

Back 40

Body of pubis; tendinous arch of obturator fascia; ischial spine

Front 41

Insertion of Levator Ani (Puborectalis, Pubococcygeus, And Iliococcygeus) Muscle

Back 41

Perineal body; coccyx; anococcygeal ligament; walls of prostate or vagina, rectum, and anal canal

Front 42

Innervation of Levator Ani (Puborectalis, Pubococcygeus, And Iliococcygeus) Muscle

Back 42

Nerve to levator ani (branches of S4), inferior anal (rectal) nerve, and coccygeal plexus

Front 43

Main Action of Levator Ani (Puborectalis, Pubococcygeus, And Iliococcygeus) Muscle

Back 43

Forms most of pelvic diaphragm that helps support pelvic viscera and resists increases in intra-abdominal pressure

Front 44

Origin of External Anal Sphincter Muscle

Back 44

Skin and fascia surrounding anus; coccyx via anococcygeal ligament

Front 45

Insertion of External Anal Sphincter Muscle

Back 45

Passes around lateral aspects of anal canal, insertion into perineal body

Front 46

Innervation of External Anal Sphincter Muscle

Back 46

Inferior anal (rectal) nerve, a branch of pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

Front 47

Main Action of External Anal Sphincter Muscle

Back 47

Constricts anal canal during peristalsis, resisting defecation; supports and fixes perineal body and pelvic floor

Front 48

Origin of Bulbospongiosus (Male) Muscle

Back 48

median raphe on ventral surface of bulb of penis; perineal body

Front 49

Insertion of Bulbospongiosus (Male) Muscle

Back 49

surrounds lateral aspects of bulb of penis and most proximal part of body of penis, inserting into perineal membrane, dorsal aspect of corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernosa, and fascia of bulb of penis

Front 50

Innervation of Bulbospongiosus (Male) Muscle

Back 50

Muscular (deep) branch of perineal nerve, a branch of pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

Front 51

Main Action of Bulbospongiosus (Male) Muscle

Back 51

supports and fixes perineal body/pelvic floor; compresses bulb of penis to expel last drops of urine/semen; assists erection by compressing outflow via deep perineal vein and by pushing blood from bulb into body of penis

Front 52

Origin of Bulbospongiosus (Female) Muscle

Back 52

perineal body

Front 53

Insertion of Bulbospongiosus (Female) Muscle

Back 53

passes on each side of lower vagina, enclosing bulb and greater vestibular gland; inserts into pubic arch and fascia of corpora cavernosa of clitoris

Front 54

Innervation of Bulbospongiosus (Female) Muscle

Back 54

Muscular (deep) branch of perineal nerve, a branch of pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

Front 55

Main Action of Bulbospongiosus (Female) Muscle

Back 55

supports and fixes perineal body/pelvic floor; “sphincter” of vagina; assists in erection of clitoris (and perhaps bulb of vestibule); compresses greater vestibular gland

Front 56

Origin of Ischiocavernosus Muscle

Back 56

Internal surface of ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity

Front 57

Insertion of Ischiocavernosus Muscle

Back 57

Embraces crus of penis or clitoris, inserting onto inferior and medial aspects of crus and to perineal membrane medial to crus

Front 58

Innervation of Ischiocavernosus Muscle

Back 58

Muscular (deep) branch of perineal nerve, a branch of pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

Front 59

Main Action of Ischiocavernosus Muscle

Back 59

Maintains erection of penis or clitoris by compressing outflow veins and pushing blood from the root of penis or clitoris into the body of penis or clitoris

Front 60

Origin of Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscle

Back 60

Internal surface of ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity

Front 61

Insertion of Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscle

Back 61

Passes along inferior aspect of posterior border of perineal membrane to perineal body

Front 62

Innervation of Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscle

Back 62

Muscular (deep) branch of perineal nerve, a branch of pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

Front 63

Main Action of Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscle

Back 63

Supports and fixes perineal body/pelvic floor to support abdominopelvic viscera and resist increased intra-abdominal pressure

Front 64

Origin of Deep Transverse Perineal Muscle

Back 64

Internal surface of ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity

Front 65

Insertion of Deep Transverse Perineal Muscle

Back 65

Passes along superior aspect of posterior border of perineal membrane to perineal body and external anal sphincter

Front 66

Innervation of Deep Transverse Perineal Muscle

Back 66

Muscular (deep) branch of perineal nerve, a branch of pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

Front 67

Main Action of Deep Transverse Perineal Muscle

Back 67

Supports and fixes perineal body/pelvic floor to support abdominopelvic viscera and resist increased intra-abdominal pressure

Front 68

Origin of External Urethra Sphincter Muscle

Back 68

(Compressor urethra portion only)

Front 69

Insertion of External Urethra Sphincter Muscle

Back 69

Surrounds urethra superior to perineal membrane; in males, it also ascends anterior aspect of prostate; in females, some fibers also enclose vagina (urethrovaginal sphincter)

Front 70

Innervation of External Urethra Sphincter Muscle

Back 70

Dorsal nerve of penis or clitoris, the terminal branch of the pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

Front 71

Main Action of External Urethra Sphincter Muscle

Back 71

Compresses urethra to maintain urinary continence; in females, urethrovaginal sphincter portion also compresses vagina

Front 72

Origin of Pectineus Muscle

Back 72

Superior ramus of pubis

Front 73

Insertion of Pectineus Muscle

Back 73

Pectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanter

Front 74

Innervation of Pectineus Muscle

Back 74

Femoral nerve (L2, L3); may receive a branch from obturator nerve

Front 75

Main Action of Pectineus Muscle

Back 75

Adducts and flexes thigh; assists with medial rotation of thigh

Front 76

Origin of Psoas Major Muscle

Back 76

Sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and discs between them; transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae

Front 77

Insertion of Psoas Major Muscle

Back 77

Lesser trochanter of femur

Front 78

Innervation of Psoas Major Muscle

Back 78

Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2, L3)

Front 79

Main Action of Psoas Major Muscle

Back 79

Act conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing this joint

Front 80

Origin of Psoas Minor Muscle

Back 80

Sides of T12-L1 vertebrae and intervertebral discs

Front 81

Insertion of Psoas Minor Muscle

Back 81

Pectineal line, iliopectineal eminence via iliopectineal arch

Front 82

Innervation of Psoas Minor Muscle

Back 82

Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2)

Front 83

Main Action of Psoas Minor Muscle

Back 83

Act conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing this joint

Front 84

Origin of Iliacus Muscle

Back 84

Iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac ligaments

Front 85

Insertion of Iliacus Muscle

Back 85

Tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter, and femur distal to it

Front 86

Innervation of Iliacus Muscle

Back 86

Femoral nerve (L2, L3)

Front 87

Main Action of Iliacus Muscle

Back 87

Act conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing this joint

Front 88

Origin of Sartorius Muscle

Back 88

Anterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch inferior to it

Front 89

Insertion of Sartorius Muscle

Back 89

Superior part of medial surface of tibia

Front 90

Innervation of Sartorius Muscle

Back 90

Femoral nerve (L2, L3)

Front 91

Main Action of Sartorius Muscle

Back 91

Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint, (medially rotating leg when knee is flexed)

Front 92

Origin of Rectus Femoris Muscle

Back 92

Anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum

Front 93

Insertion of Rectus Femoris Muscle

Back 93

Via common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; medial and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)

Front 94

Innervation of Rectus Femoris Muscle

Back 94

Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Front 95

Main Action of Rectus Femoris Muscle

Back 95

Extend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh

Front 96

Origin of Vastus Lateralis Muscle

Back 96

Greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera of femur

Front 97

Insertion of Vastus Lateralis Muscle

Back 97

Via common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; medial and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)

Front 98

Innervation of Vastus Lateralis Muscle

Back 98

Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Front 99

Main Action of Vastus Lateralis Muscle

Back 99

Extend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh

Front 100

Origin of Vastus Medialis Muscle

Back 100

Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera of femur

Front 101

Insertion of Vastus Medialis Muscle

Back 101

Via common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; medial and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)

Front 102

Innervation of Vastus Medialis Muscle

Back 102

Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Front 103

Main Action of Vastus Medialis Muscle

Back 103

Extend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh

Front 104

Origin of Vastus Intermedius Muscle

Back 104

Anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur

Front 105

Insertion of Vastus Intermedius Muscle

Back 105

Via common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; medial and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)

Front 106

Innervation of Vastus Intermedius Muscle

Back 106

Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Front 107

Main Action of Vastus Intermedius Muscle

Back 107

Extend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh

Front 108

Origin of Adductor Femoris Longus Muscle

Back 108

Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest

Front 109

Insertion of Adductor Femoris Longus Muscle

Back 109

Middle third of linea aspera of femur

Front 110

Innervation of Adductor Femoris Longus Muscle

Back 110

Obturator nerve, branch of, anterior division (L2, L3, L4)

Front 111

Main Action of Adductor Femoris Longus Muscle

Back 111

Adducts thigh

Front 112

Origin of Adductor Femoris Brevis Muscle

Back 112

Body and inferior ramus of pubis

Front 113

Insertion of Adductor Femoris Brevis Muscle

Back 113

Pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur

Front 114

Innervation of Adductor Femoris Brevis Muscle

Back 114

Obturator nerve, branch of, anterior division (L2, L3, L4)

Front 115

Main Action of Adductor Femoris Brevis Muscle

Back 115

Adducts thigh; to some extent flexes it

Front 116

Origin of Adductor Femoris Magnus Muscle

Back 116

Adductor part: inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium Hamstrings part: ischial tuberosity

Front 117

Insertion of Adductor Femoris Magnus Muscle

Back 117

Adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line Hamstring part: adductor tubercle of femur

Front 118

Innervation of Adductor Femoris Magnus Muscle

Back 118

Adductor part: obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4), branches of posterior division Hamstring part: tibial part of sciatic nerve (L4)

Front 119

Main Action of Adductor Femoris Magnus Muscle

Back 119

Adducts thigh Adductor part: flexes thigh Hamstrings part: extends thigh

Front 120

Origin of Gracilis Muscle

Back 120

Body and inferior ramus of pubis

Front 121

Insertion of Gracilis Muscle

Back 121

Superior part of medial surface of tibia.

Front 122

Innervation of Gracilis Muscle

Back 122

Obturator nerve (L2, L3)

Front 123

Main Action of Gracilis Muscle

Back 123

Adducts thigh; flexes leg; helps rotate leg medially

Front 124

Origin of Obturator Externus Muscle

Back 124

Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane

Front 125

Insertion of Obturator Externus Muscle

Back 125

Trochanteric fossa of femur

Front 126

Innervation of Obturator Externus Muscle

Back 126

Obturator nerve (L3, L4)

Front 127

Main Action of Obturator Externus Muscle

Back 127

Laterally rotates thigh; steadies head of femur in acetabulum

Front 128

Origin of Gluteus Maximus Muscle

Back 128

Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; sacrotuberous ligament

Front 129

Insertion of Gluteus Maximus Muscle

Back 129

Most fibers end in iliotibial tract, which inserts into lateral condyle of tibia; some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosity

Front 130

Innervation of Gluteus Maximus Muscle

Back 130

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Front 131

Main Action of Gluteus Maximus Muscle

Back 131

Extends thigh (especially from flexed position) and assists in its lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting position

Front 132

Origin of Gluteus Medius Muscle

Back 132

External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

Front 133

Insertion of Gluteus Medius Muscle

Back 133

Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur

Front 134

Innervation of Gluteus Medius Muscle

Back 134

Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)

Front 135

Main Action of Gluteus Medius Muscle

Back 135

Abduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phase

Front 136

Origin of Gluteus Minimus Muscle

Back 136

External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

Front 137

Insertion of Gluteus Minimus Muscle

Back 137

Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur

Front 138

Innervation of Gluteus Minimus Muscle

Back 138

Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)

Front 139

Origin of Tensor Of Fascia Lata Muscle

Back 139

Anterior superior iliac spine; anterior part of iliac crest

Front 140

Insertion of Tensor Of Fascia Lata Muscle

Back 140

Iliotibial tract, which attaches to lateral condyle of tibia

Front 141

Innervation of Tensor Of Fascia Lata Muscle

Back 141

Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)

Front 142

Origin of Piriformis Muscle

Back 142

Anterior surface of sacrum; sacrotuberous ligament

Front 143

Insertion of Piriformis Muscle

Back 143

Superior border of greater trochanter of femur

Front 144

Innervation of Piriformis Muscle

Back 144

Branches of anterior rami of S1, S2

Front 145

Main Action of Piriformis Muscle

Back 145

Laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulum

Front 146

Origin of Obturator Internus Muscle

Back 146

Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones

Front 147

Insertion of Obturator Internus Muscle

Back 147

Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur

Front 148

Innervation of Obturator Internus Muscle

Back 148

Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)

Front 149

Main Action of Obturator Internus Muscle

Back 149

Laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulum

Front 150

Origin of Superior And Inferior Gemelli Muscle

Back 150

Superior: ischial spine Inferior: ischial tuberosity

Front 151

Insertion of Superior And Inferior Gemelli Muscle

Back 151

Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur

Front 152

Innervation of Superior And Inferior Gemelli Muscle

Back 152

Superior gemellus: same nerve supply as obturator internus Inferior gemellus: same nerve supply as quadratus femoris

Front 153

Main Action of Superior And Inferior Gemelli Muscle

Back 153

Laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulum

Front 154

Origin of Quadratus Femoris Muscle

Back 154

Lateral border of ischial tuberosity

Front 155

Insertion of Quadratus Femoris Muscle

Back 155

Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it

Front 156

Innervation of Quadratus Femoris Muscle

Back 156

Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

Front 157

Main Action of Quadratus Femoris Muscle

Back 157

Laterally rotates thigh; steadies femoral head in acetabulum

Front 158

Origin of Semitendinosus Muscle

Back 158

Ischial tuberosity

Front 159

Insertion of Semitendinosus Muscle

Back 159

Medial surface of superior part of tibia

Front 160

Innervation of Semitendinosus Muscle

Back 160

Tibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2)

Front 161

Main Action of Semitendinosus Muscle

Back 161

Extend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunk

Front 162

Origin of Semimembranosus Muscle

Back 162

Ischial tuberosity

Front 163

Insertion of Semimembranosus Muscle

Back 163

Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia; reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament (to lateral femoral condyle)

Front 164

Innervation of Semimembranosus Muscle

Back 164

Tibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2)

Front 165

Main Action of Semimembranosus Muscle

Back 165

Extend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunk

Front 166

Origin of Biceps Femoris Muscle

Back 166

Long head: ischial tuberosity Short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur

Front 167

Insertion of Biceps Femoris Muscle

Back 167

Lateral side of head of fibula; tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament of knee

Front 168

Innervation of Biceps Femoris Muscle

Back 168

Long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2) Short head: common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Front 169

Main Action of Biceps Femoris Muscle

Back 169

Flexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends thigh (e.g., accelerating mass during first step of gait).

Front 170

Origin of Tibialis Anterior Muscle

Back 170

Lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane

Front 171

Insertion of Tibialis Anterior Muscle

Back 171

Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

Front 172

Innervation of Tibialis Anterior Muscle

Back 172

Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

Front 173

Main Action of Tibialis Anterior Muscle

Back 173

Dorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot

Front 174

Origin of Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle

Back 174

Lateral condyle of tibia and superior three quarters of medial surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

Front 175

Insertion of Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle

Back 175

Middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

Front 176

Innervation of Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle

Back 176

Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

Front 177

Main Action of Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle

Back 177

Extends lateral four digits and dorsiflexes ankle

Front 178

Origin of Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle

Back 178

Middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

Front 179

Insertion of Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle

Back 179

Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)

Front 180

Innervation of Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle

Back 180

Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

Front 181

Main Action of Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle

Back 181

Extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle

Front 182

Origin of Fibularis Tertius Muscle

Back 182

Inferior third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

Front 183

Insertion of Fibularis Tertius Muscle

Back 183

Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal

Front 184

Innervation of Fibularis Tertius Muscle

Back 184

Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

Front 185

Main Action of Fibularis Tertius Muscle

Back 185

Dorsiflexes ankle and aids in eversion of foot

Front 186

Origin of Fibularis Longus Muscle

Back 186

Head and superior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula

Front 187

Insertion of Fibularis Longus Muscle

Back 187

Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

Front 188

Innervation of Fibularis Longus Muscle

Back 188

Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Front 189

Main Action of Fibularis Longus Muscle

Back 189

Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle

Front 190

Origin of Fibularis Brevis Muscle

Back 190

Inferior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula

Front 191

Insertion of Fibularis Brevis Muscle

Back 191

Dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal

Front 192

Innervation of Fibularis Brevis Muscle

Back 192

Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Front 193

Main Action of Fibularis Brevis Muscle

Back 193

Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle

Front 194

Origin of Gastrocnemius Muscle

Back 194

Lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur; Medial head: popliteal surface of femur; superior to medial condyle

Front 195

Insertion of Gastrocnemius Muscle

Back 195

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Front 196

Innervation of Gastrocnemius Muscle

Back 196

Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

Front 197

Main Action of Gastrocnemius Muscle

Back 197

Plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended; raises heel during walking; flexes leg at knee joint

Front 198

Origin of Soleus Muscle

Back 198

Posterior aspect of head and superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula; soleal line and middle third of medial border of tibia; and tendinous arch extending between the bony attachments

Front 199

Insertion of Soleus Muscle

Back 199

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Front 200

Innervation of Soleus Muscle

Back 200

Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

Front 201

Main Action of Soleus Muscle

Back 201

Plantarflexes ankle independent of position of knee; steadies leg on foot

Front 202

Origin of Plantaris Muscle

Back 202

Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur; oblique popliteal ligament

Front 203

Insertion of Plantaris Muscle

Back 203

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Front 204

Innervation of Plantaris Muscle

Back 204

Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

Front 205

Main Action of Plantaris Muscle

Back 205

Weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle

Front 206

Origin of Popliteus Muscle

Back 206

Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus

Front 207

Insertion of Popliteus Muscle

Back 207

Posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line

Front 208

Innervation of Popliteus Muscle

Back 208

Tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Front 209

Main Action of Popliteus Muscle

Back 209

Weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by rotating femur 5° on fixed tibia; medially rotates tibia of unplanted limb

Front 210

Origin of Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle

Back 210

Inferior two thirds of posterior surface of fibula; inferior part of interosseous membrane

Front 211

Insertion of Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle

Back 211

Base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)

Front 212

Innervation of Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle

Back 212

Tibial nerve (S2, S3)

Front 213

Main Action of Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle

Back 213

Flexes great toe at all joints; weakly plantarflexes ankle; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

Front 214

Origin of Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle

Back 214

Medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line; by a broad tendon to fibula

Front 215

Insertion of Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle

Back 215

Bases of distal phalanges of lateral four digits

Front 216

Innervation of Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle

Back 216

Tibial nerve (S2, S3)

Front 217

Main Action of Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle

Back 217

Flexes lateral four digits; plantarflexes ankle; supports longitudinal arches of foot

Front 218

Origin of Tibialis Posterior Muscle

Back 218

Interosseous membrane; posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line; posterior surface of fibula

Front 219

Insertion of Tibialis Posterior Muscle

Back 219

Tuberosity of navicular, cuneiform, cuboid, and sustentaculum tali of calcaneus; bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals

Front 220

Innervation of Tibialis Posterior Muscle

Back 220

Tibial nerve (L4, L5)

Front 221

Main Action of Tibialis Posterior Muscle

Back 221

Plantarflexes ankle; inverts foot

Front 222

Origin of Abductor Hallucis Muscle

Back 222

Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; flexor retinaculum; plantar aponeurosis

Front 223

Insertion of Abductor Hallucis Muscle

Back 223

Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Front 224

Innervation of Abductor Hallucis Muscle

Back 224

Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Front 225

Main Action of Abductor Hallucis Muscle

Back 225

Abducts and flexes 1st digit (great toe, hallux)

Front 226

Origin of Flexor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Back 226

Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septa

Front 227

Insertion of Flexor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Back 227

Both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits

Front 228

Innervation of Flexor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Back 228

Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Front 229

Main Action of Flexor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Back 229

Flexes lateral four digits

Front 230

Origin of Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscle

Back 230

Medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septa

Front 231

Insertion of Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscle

Back 231

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Front 232

Innervation of Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscle

Back 232

Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Front 233

Main Action of Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscle

Back 233

Abducts and flexes little toe (5th digit)

Front 234

Origin of Quadratus Plantae Muscle

Back 234

Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus

Front 235

Insertion of Quadratus Plantae Muscle

Back 235

Posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Front 236

Innervation of Quadratus Plantae Muscle

Back 236

Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Front 237

Main Action of Quadratus Plantae Muscle

Back 237

Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits

Front 238

Origin of Lumbricals Muscle

Back 238

Tendons of flexor digitorum longus

Front 239

Insertion of Lumbricals Muscle

Back 239

Medial aspect of expansion over lateral four digits

Front 240

Innervation of Lumbricals Muscle

Back 240

Medial one: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3); Lateral three: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Front 241

Main Action of Lumbricals Muscle

Back 241

Flex proximal phalanges, extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

Front 242

Origin of Flexor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Back 242

Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms

Front 243

Insertion of Flexor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Back 243

Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Front 244

Innervation of Flexor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Back 244

Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Front 245

Main Action of Flexor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Back 245

Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Front 246

Origin of Adductor Hallucis Muscle

Back 246

Oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4; Transverse head: plantar ligaments of metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints

Front 247

Insertion of Adductor Hallucis Muscle

Back 247

Tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Front 248

Innervation of Adductor Hallucis Muscle

Back 248

Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Front 249

Main Action of Adductor Hallucis Muscle

Back 249

Traditionally said to adduct 1st digit; assists in transverse arch of foot by metatarsals medially

Front 250

Origin of Flexor Digit Minimi Brevis Muscle

Back 250

Base of 5th metatarsal

Front 251

Insertion of Flexor Digit Minimi Brevis Muscle

Back 251

Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Front 252

Innervation of Flexor Digit Minimi Brevis Muscle

Back 252

Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Front 253

Main Action of Flexor Digit Minimi Brevis Muscle

Back 253

Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit, thereby assisting with its flexion

Front 254

Origin of Plantar Interossei (Threes) Muscle

Back 254

Bases and medial sides of metatarsals 3-5

Front 255

Insertion of Plantar Interossei (Threes) Muscle

Back 255

Medial sides of bases of phalanges of 3rd-5th digits

Front 256

Innervation of Plantar Interossei (Threes) Muscle

Back 256

Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Front 257

Main Action of Plantar Interossei (Threes) Muscle

Back 257

Adduct digits (2-4) and flex metatarsophalangeal joints

Front 258

Origin of Dorsal Interossei (Fours) Muscle

Back 258

Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5

Front 259

Insertion of Dorsal Interossei (Fours) Muscle

Back 259

1st: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit; 2nd-4th: lateral sides of 2nd-4th digits

Front 260

Innervation of Dorsal Interossei (Fours) Muscle

Back 260

Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Front 261

Main Action of Dorsal Interossei (Fours) Muscle

Back 261

Abduct digits (2-4) and flex metatarsophalangeal joints

Front 262

Origin of Extensor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Back 262

Calcaneus (floor of tarsal sinus); interosseous talocalcaneal ligament; stem of inferior extensor retinaculum

Front 263

Insertion of Extensor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Back 263

Long extensor tendons of four medial digits (toes 2-4)

Front 264

Innervation of Extensor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Back 264

Deep fibular nerve (L5 or S1, or both)

Front 265

Main Action of Extensor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Back 265

Aids the extensor digitorum longus in extending the four medial toes at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints

Front 266

Origin of Extensor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Back 266

In common with extensor digitorum brevis (above)

Front 267

Insertion of Extensor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Back 267

Dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toe (digit 1)

Front 268

Innervation of Extensor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Back 268

Deep fibular nerve (L5 or S1, or both)

Front 269

Main Action of Extensor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Back 269

Aids the extensor hallucis longus in extending the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint

Front 270

Origin of Thoracoabdominal (T7-T11) Nerve

Back 270

Continuation of lower (7th-11th) intercostal nerves distal to costal margin

Front 271

Course of Thoracoabdominal (T7-T11) Nerve

Back 271

Run between second and third layers of abdominal muscles; branches enter subcutaneous tissue as lateral cutaneous branches of T10-T11 (in anterior axillary line) and anterior cutaneous branches of T7-T11 (parasternal line)

Front 272

Distribution of Thoracoabdominal (T7-T11) Nerve

Back 272

Muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall and overlying skin

Front 273

Origin of 7th-9th Lateral Cutaneous Nerve Branches

Back 273

7th-9th intercostal nerves (anterior rami of spinal nerves T7-T9)

Front 274

Course of 7th-9th Lateral Cutaneous Nerve Branches

Back 274

Anterior divisions continue across costal margin in subcutaneous tissue

Front 275

Distribution of 7th-9th Lateral Cutaneous Nerve Branches

Back 275

Skin of right and left hypochondriac regions

Front 276

Origin of Subcostal (Anterior Ramus Of T12) Nerve

Back 276

Spinal nerve T12

Front 277

Course of Subcostal (Anterior Ramus Of T12) Nerve

Back 277

Runs along inferior border of 12th rib; then passes onto subumbilical abdominal wall between second and third layers of abdominal muscles

Front 278

Distribution of Subcostal (Anterior Ramus Of T12) Nerve

Back 278

Muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall (including most inferior slip of external oblique) and overlying skin, superior to iliac crest and inferior to umbilicus

Front 279

Origin of Iliohypogastric (L1) Nerve

Back 279

As superior terminal branch of anterior ramus of spinal nerve L1

Front 280

Course of Iliohypogastric (L1) Nerve

Back 280

Pierces transversus abdominis muscle to course between second and third layers of abdominal muscles; branches pierce external oblique aponeuroses of most inferior abdominal wall

Front 281

Distribution of Iliohypogastric (L1) Nerve

Back 281

Skin overlying iliac crest, upper inguinal, and hypogastric regions; internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles

Front 282

Origin of Ilioinguinal (L1) Nerve

Back 282

As inferior terminal branch of anterior ramus of spinal nerve L1

Front 283

Course of Ilioinguinal (L1) Nerve

Back 283

Passes between second and third layers of abdominal muscles; then traverses inguinal canal

Front 284

Distribution of Ilioinguinal (L1) Nerve

Back 284

Skin of lower inguinal region, mons pubis, anterior scrotum or labium majus, and adjacent medial thigh; inferiormost internal oblique and transversus abdominis

Front 285

Origin of Sciatic Nerve

Back 285

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

Front 286

Distribution of Sciatic Nerve

Back 286

Articular branches to hip joint and muscular branches to flexors of knee in thigh and all muscles in leg and foot

Front 287

Origin of Superior Gluteal Nerve

Back 287

L4, L5, S1

Front 288

Distribution of Superior Gluteal Nerve

Back 288

Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles

Front 289

Origin of Nerve To Quadratus Femoris (And Inferior Gemellus)

Back 289

L4, L5, S1

Front 290

Distribution of Nerve To Quadratus Femoris (And Inferior Gemellus)

Back 290

Quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus muscles

Front 291

Origin of Inferior Gluteal Nerve

Back 291

L5, S1, S2

Front 292

Distribution of Inferior Gluteal Nerve

Back 292

Gluteus maximus

Front 293

Origin of Nerve To Obturator Internus (And Superior Gemellus)

Back 293

L5, S1, S2

Front 294

Distribution of Nerve To Obturator Internus (And Superior Gemellus)

Back 294

Obturator internus and superior gemellus muscles

Front 295

Origin of Nerve To Piriformis

Back 295

S1, S2

Front 296

Distribution of Nerve To Piriformis

Back 296

Piriformis muscle

Front 297

Origin of Posterior Cutaneous Nerve Of Thigh

Back 297

S2, S3

Front 298

Distribution of Posterior Cutaneous Nerve Of Thigh

Back 298

Cutaneous branches to buttock and uppermost medial and posterior surfaces of thigh

Front 299

Origin of Perforating Cutaneous Nerve

Back 299

S2, S3

Front 300

Distribution of Perforating Cutaneous Nerve

Back 300

Cutaneous branches to medial part of buttock

Front 301

Origin of Pudendal Nerve

Back 301

S2, S3, S4

Front 302

Distribution of Pudendal Nerve

Back 302

Structures in perineum: sensory to genitalia; muscular branches to perineal muscles, external urethral sphincter, and external anal sphincter

Front 303

Origin of Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve

Back 303

S2, S3, S4

Front 304

Distribution of Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve

Back 304

Pelvic viscera via inferior hypogastric and pelvic plexuses

Front 305

Origin of Nerves To Levator Ani And Coccygeus

Back 305

S3, S4

Front 306

Distribution of Nerves To Levator Ani And Coccygeus

Back 306

Levator ani and coccygeus muscles

Front 307

Origin of Anterior Labial Nerves (♀); Anterior Scrotal Nerves (♂)

Back 307

Terminal part of ilioinguinal nerve (L1)

Front 308

Course of Anterior Labial Nerves (♀); Anterior Scrotal Nerves (♂)

Back 308

Arise as ilioinguinal exits superficial inguinal ring; pass anteriorly and inferiorly

Front 309

Distribution of Anterior Labial Nerves (♀); Anterior Scrotal Nerves (♂)

Back 309

In females, sensory to mons pubis and anterior part of labium majus; in males, sensory to pubic region, skin of proximal penis, and anterior aspect of scrotum, and adjacent thigh

Front 310

Origin of Femoral Nerve

Back 310

L2-L4

Front 311

Course of Femoral Nerve

Back 311

Emerges through femoral canal

Front 312

Distribution of Femoral Nerve

Back 312

Anterior Compartment of the Thigh

Front 313

Origin of Genital Branch Of Genitofemoral Nerve

Back 313

Genitofemoral nerve (L1 and L2)

Front 314

Course of Genital Branch Of Genitofemoral Nerve

Back 314

Emerges through or near superficial inguinal ring

Front 315

Distribution of Genital Branch Of Genitofemoral Nerve

Back 315

In females, sensory to anterior labia majora; in males, motor to cremaster muscle, sensory to anterior aspect of scrotum and adjacent thigh

Front 316

Origin of Perineal Branch Of Posterior Cutaneous Nerve Of Thigh

Back 316

Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh (S1-S3)

Front 317

Course of Perineal Branch Of Posterior Cutaneous Nerve Of Thigh

Back 317

Arises deep to inferior border of gluteus maximus; passes medially over sacrotuberous ligament to parallel ischiopubic ramus

Front 318

Distribution of Perineal Branch Of Posterior Cutaneous Nerve Of Thigh

Back 318

Sensory to lateral perineum (labia majora in ♀, scrotum in ♂), genitofemoral sulcus, and superiormost medial thigh; may overlap lateral parts of perineum supplied by pudendal nerve

Front 319

Origin of Inferior Clunial Nerves

Back 319

Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh (S1-S3)

Front 320

Course of Inferior Clunial Nerves

Back 320

Arise deep to and emerge from inferior border of gluteus maximus, ascending in subcutaneous tissue

Front 321

Distribution of Inferior Clunial Nerves

Back 321

Skin of inferior and inferolateral gluteal region (buttock)—gluteal fold and area superior to it

Front 322

Origin of Pudendal Nerve (S2-S4)

Back 322

Sacral plexus (anterior rami of S2-S4)

Front 323

Course of Pudendal Nerve (S2-S4)

Back 323

Exits pelvis via infrapiriform part of greater sciatic foramen; passes posterior to sacrospinous ligament; enters perineum via lesser sciatic foramen, immediately dividing into branches as it enters pudendal canal

Front 324

Distribution of Pudendal Nerve (S2-S4)

Back 324

Motor to muscles of perineum and sensory to majority of perineal region via its branches, the inferior rectal and perineal nerves, and the dorsal nerve of clitoris or penis

Front 325

Origin of Inferior Anal (Rectal) Nerve

Back 325

Pudendal nerve (S3-4)

Front 326

Course of Inferior Anal (Rectal) Nerve

Back 326

Passes medially from area of ischial spine (entrance to pudendal canal), traversing ischioanal fat body

Front 327

Distribution of Inferior Anal (Rectal) Nerve

Back 327

External anal sphincter; participates in innervation of inferior and medial-most part of levator ani (puborectalis); sensory to anal canal inferior to pectinate line and circumanal skin

Front 328

Origin of Perineal Nerve

Back 328

Pudendal nerve

Front 329

Course of Perineal Nerve

Back 329

Arises near entrance to pudendal canal, paralleling parent nerve to end of canal, then passes medially

Front 330

Distribution of Perineal Nerve

Back 330

Divides into superficial and deep branches, the posterior labial or scrotal nerve and the deep perineal nerve

Front 331

Origin of Posterior Labial Nerves (♀), Posterior Scrotal Nerves (♂)

Back 331

Superficial terminal branch of perineal nerve

Front 332

Course of Posterior Labial Nerves (♀), Posterior Scrotal Nerves (♂)

Back 332

Arise in anterior (terminal) end of pudendal canal, passing medially and superficially

Front 333

Distribution of Posterior Labial Nerves (♀), Posterior Scrotal Nerves (♂)

Back 333

In females, labia minora and all but anterior labia majora; in males, posterior aspect of scrotum

Front 334

Origin of Deep Perineal Nerve

Back 334

Deep terminal branch of perineal nerve

Front 335

Course of Deep Perineal Nerve

Back 335

Arise in anterior (terminal) end of pudendal canal, passing medially then deeply in superficial perineal pouch

Front 336

Distribution of Deep Perineal Nerve

Back 336

Motor to muscles of superficial perineal pouch (ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, and superficial perineal muscles); in females, sensory to vestibule of vagina and inferior part of vagina

Front 337

Origin of Subcostal Nerve

Back 337

T12 anterior ramus

Front 338

Course of Subcostal Nerve

Back 338

Courses along inferior border of 12th rib; lateral cutaneous branch descends over iliac crest

Front 339

Distribution of Subcostal Nerve

Back 339

Lateral cutaneous branch supplies skin of hip region inferior to anterior part of iliac crest and anterior to greater trochanter

Front 340

Origin of Iliohypogastric Nerve

Back 340

Lumbar plexus (L1; occasionally T12)

Front 341

Course of Iliohypogastric Nerve

Back 341

Parallels iliac crest; divides into lateral and anterior cutaneous branches

Front 342

Distribution of Iliohypogastric Nerve

Back 342

Lateral cutaneous branch supplies superolateral quadrant of buttock

Front 343

Origin of Ilioinguinal Nerve

Back 343

Lumbar plexus (L1; occasionally T12)

Front 344

Course of Ilioinguinal Nerve

Back 344

Passes through inguinal canal; divides into femoral and scrotal or labial branches

Front 345

Distribution of Ilioinguinal Nerve

Back 345

Femoral branch supplies skin over medial femoral triangle

Front 346

Origin of Genitofemoral Nerve

Back 346

Lumbar plexus (L1-L2)

Front 347

Course of Genitofemoral Nerve

Back 347

Descends anterior surface of psoas major; divides into genital and femoral branches

Front 348

Distribution of Genitofemoral Nerve

Back 348

Femoral branch supplies skin over lateral part of femoral triangle; genital branch supplies anterior scrotum or labia majora

Front 349

Origin of Lateral Cutaneous Nerve Of Thigh

Back 349

Lumbar plexus (L2-L3)

Front 350

Course of Lateral Cutaneous Nerve Of Thigh

Back 350

Passes deep to inguinal ligament, 2-3 cm medial to anterior superior iliac spine

Front 351

Distribution of Lateral Cutaneous Nerve Of Thigh

Back 351

Supplies skin on anterior and lateral aspects of thigh

Front 352

Origin of Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Branches

Back 352

Lumbar plexus via femoral nerve (L2-L4)

Front 353

Course of Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Branches

Back 353

Arise in femoral triangle; pierce fascia lata along path of sartorius muscle

Front 354

Distribution of Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Branches

Back 354

Supply skin of anterior and medial aspects of thigh

Front 355

Origin of Cutaneous Branch Of Obturator Nerve

Back 355

Lumbar plexus via obturator nerve, anterior branch (L2-L4)

Front 356

Course of Cutaneous Branch Of Obturator Nerve

Back 356

Following its descent between adductors longus and brevis, anterior division of obturator nerve pierces fascia lata to reach skin of thigh

Front 357

Distribution of Cutaneous Branch Of Obturator Nerve

Back 357

Skin of middle part of medial thigh

Front 358

Origin of Posterior Cutaneous Nerve Of Thigh

Back 358

Sacral plexus (S1-S3)

Front 359

Course of Posterior Cutaneous Nerve Of Thigh

Back 359

Enters gluteal region via infrapiriform portion of greater sciatic foramen deep to gluteus maximus; then descends deep to fascia lata

Front 360

Distribution of Posterior Cutaneous Nerve Of Thigh

Back 360

Terminal branches pierce fascia lata to supply skin of posterior thigh and popliteal fossa

Front 361

Origin of Saphenous Nerve

Back 361

Lumbar plexus via femoral nerve (L3-L4)

Front 362

Course of Saphenous Nerve

Back 362

Traverses adductor canal but does not pass through adductor hiatus; crossing medial side of knee deep to sartorius tendon

Front 363

Distribution of Saphenous Nerve

Back 363

Skin on medial side of leg and foot

Front 364

Origin of Superficial Fibular Nerve

Back 364

Common fibular nerve (L4-S1)

Front 365

Course of Superficial Fibular Nerve

Back 365

Courses through lateral compartment of leg; after supplying fibular muscles, perforates deep fascia of leg

Front 366

Distribution of Superficial Fibular Nerve

Back 366

Skin of anterolateral leg and dorsum of foot, excluding web between great and 2nd toes

Front 367

Origin of Deep Fibular Nerve

Back 367

Common fibular nerve (L5)

Front 368

Course of Deep Fibular Nerve

Back 368

After supplying muscles on dorsum of foot, pierces deep fascia superior to heads of 1st and 2nd metatarsals

Front 369

Distribution of Deep Fibular Nerve

Back 369

Skin of web between great and 2nd toes

Front 370

Origin of Sural Nerve

Back 370

Tibial and common fibular nerves (S1-S2)

Front 371

Course of Sural Nerve

Back 371

Medial sural cutaneous branch of tibial nerve and lateral sural cutaneous branch of fibular nerve merge at varying levels on posterior leg

Front 372

Distribution of Sural Nerve

Back 372

Skin of posterolateral leg and lateral margin of foot

Front 373

Origin of Medial Plantar Nerve

Back 373

Tibial nerve (L4-L5)

Front 374

Course of Medial Plantar Nerve

Back 374

Passes between first and second layers of plantar muscles; then between medial and middle muscles of first layer

Front 375

Distribution of Medial Plantar Nerve

Back 375

Skin of medial side of sole, and plantar aspect, sides, and nail beds of medial 3½ toes

Front 376

Origin of Lateral Plantar Nerve

Back 376

Tibial nerve (S1-S2)

Front 377

Course of Lateral Plantar Nerve

Back 377

Passes between first and second layers of plantar muscles; then between middle and lateral muscles of first layer

Front 378

Distribution of Lateral Plantar Nerve

Back 378

Skin of lateral sole, and plantar aspect, sides, and nail beds of lateral 1½ toes

Front 379

Origin of Calcaneal Nerves

Back 379

Tibial and sural nerves (S1-S2)

Front 380

Course of Calcaneal Nerves

Back 380

Lateral and medial branches of tibial and sural nerves, respectively, over calcaneal tuberosity

Front 381

Distribution of Calcaneal Nerves

Back 381

Skin of heel

Front 382

Origin of Superior Clunial Nerves

Back 382

L1-L3 posterior rami

Front 383

Course of Superior Clunial Nerves

Back 383

Penetrate thoracodorsal fascia; course laterally and inferiorly in subcutaneous tissue

Front 384

Distribution of Superior Clunial Nerves

Back 384

Skin overlying superior and central parts of buttock

Front 385

Origin of Medial Clunial Nerves

Back 385

S1-S3 posterior rami

Front 386

Course of Medial Clunial Nerves

Back 386

Emerge from dorsal sacral foramina; directly enter overlying subcutaneous tissue

Front 387

Distribution of Medial Clunial Nerves

Back 387

Skin of medial buttock and intergluteal cleft

Front 388

Origin of Inferior Clunial Nerves

Back 388

Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh (S2-S3)

Front 389

Course of Inferior Clunial Nerves

Back 389

Arise deep to gluteus maximus; emerge from beneath inferior border of muscle

Front 390

Distribution of Inferior Clunial Nerves

Back 390

Skin of inferior buttock (overlying gluteal fold)

Front 391

Origin of Sciatic Nerve

Back 391

Sacral plexus (anterior and posterior divisions of anterior rami of L4-S3 spinal nerves)

Front 392

Course of Sciatic Nerve

Back 392

Enters gluteal region via greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis and deep to gluteus maximus; descends in posterior thigh deep to biceps femoris; bifurcates into tibial and common fibular nerves at apex of popliteal fossa

Front 393

Distribution of Sciatic Nerve

Back 393

Supplies no muscles in gluteal region; supplies all muscles of posterior compartment of thigh (tibial division supplies all but short head of biceps, which is supplied by common fibular division)

Front 394

Origin of Posterior Cutaneous Nerve Of Thigh

Back 394

Sacral plexus (anterior and posterior divisions of anterior rami of S1-S3 spinal nerves)

Front 395

Course of Posterior Cutaneous Nerve Of Thigh

Back 395

Enters gluteal region via greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis and deep to gluteus maximus, emerging from inferior border of latter; descends in posterior thigh deep to fascia lata

Front 396

Distribution of Posterior Cutaneous Nerve Of Thigh

Back 396

Supplies skin of inferior half of buttock (through inferior clunial nerves), skin over posterior thigh and popliteal fossa, and skin of lateral perineum and upper medial thigh (via its perineal branch)

Front 397

Origin of Superior Gluteal Nerve

Back 397

Sacral plexus (posterior divisions of anterior rami of L4-S1 spinal nerves)

Front 398

Course of Superior Gluteal Nerve

Back 398

Enters gluteal region via greater sciatic foramen superior to piriformis; courses laterally between gluteus medius and minimus as far as tensor fasciae latae

Front 399

Distribution of Superior Gluteal Nerve

Back 399

Innervates gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae muscles

Front 400

Origin of Inferior Gluteal Nerve

Back 400

Sacral plexus (posterior divisions of anterior rami of L5-S2 spinal nerves)

Front 401

Course of Inferior Gluteal Nerve

Back 401

Enters gluteal region via greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis and deep to inferior part of gluteus maximus, dividing into several branches

Front 402

Distribution of Inferior Gluteal Nerve

Back 402

Supplies gluteus maximus

Front 403

Origin of Nerve To Quadratus Femoris

Back 403

Sacral plexus (anterior divisions of anterior rami of L4-S1 spinal nerves)

Front 404

Course of Nerve To Quadratus Femoris

Back 404

Enters gluteal region via greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis, deep (anterior) to sciatic nerve

Front 405

Distribution of Nerve To Quadratus Femoris

Back 405

Innervates hip joint, inferior gemellus, and quadratus femoris

Front 406

Origin of Pudendal Nerve

Back 406

Sacral plexus (anterior divisions of anterior rami of S2-S4 spinal nerves)

Front 407

Course of Pudendal Nerve

Back 407

Exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis; descends posterior to sacrospinous ligament; enters perineum through lesser sciatic foramen

Front 408

Distribution of Pudendal Nerve

Back 408

Supplies no structures in gluteal region or posterior thigh (principal nerve to perineum)

Front 409

Origin of Nerve To Obturator Internus

Back 409

Sacral plexus (posterior divisions of anterior rami of L5-S2 spinal nerves)

Front 410

Course of Nerve To Obturator Internus

Back 410

Exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis; descends posterior to sacrospinous ligament; enters perineum through lesser sciatic foramen

Front 411

Distribution of Nerve To Obturator Internus

Back 411

Supplies superior gemellus and obturator internus

Front 412

Origin of Saphenous Nerve

Back 412

Femoral nerve

Front 413

Course of Saphenous Nerve

Back 413

Descends with femoral vessels through femoral triangle and adductor canal and then descends with great saphenous vein

Front 414

Distribution of Saphenous Nerve

Back 414

Supplies skin on medial side of ankle and foot

Front 415

Origin of Sural Nerve

Back 415

Usually arises from both tibial and common fibular nerves

Front 416

Course of Sural Nerve

Back 416

Descends between heads of gastrocnemius and becomes superficial at middle of leg; descends with small saphenous vein and passes inferior to lateral malleolus to lateral side of foot

Front 417

Distribution of Sural Nerve

Back 417

Supplies skin on posterior and lateral aspects of leg and lateral side of foot

Front 418

Origin of Tibial Nerve

Back 418

Sciatic nerve

Front 419

Course of Tibial Nerve

Back 419

Forms as sciatic bifurcates at apex of popliteal fossa; descends through popliteal fossa and lies on popliteus; runs inferiorly on tibialis posterior with posterior tibial vessels; terminates beneath flexor retinaculum by dividing into medial and lateral plantar nerves

Front 420

Distribution of Tibial Nerve

Back 420

Supplies posterior muscles of leg and knee joint

Front 421

Origin of Common Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve

Back 421

Sciatic nerve

Front 422

Course of Common Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve

Back 422

Forms as sciatic bifurcates at apex of popliteal fossa and follows medial border of biceps femoris and its tendon; passes over posterior aspect of head of fibula and then winds around neck of fibula deep to fibularis longus, where it divides into deep and superficial fibular nerves

Front 423

Distribution of Common Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve

Back 423

Supplies skin on lateral part of posterior aspect of leg via the lateral sural cutaneous nerve; also supplies knee joint via its articular branch

Front 424

Origin of Superficial Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve

Back 424

Common fibular nerve

Front 425

Course of Superficial Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve

Back 425

Arises between fibularis longus and neck of fibula and descends in lateral compartment of leg; pierces deep fascia at distal third of leg to become subcutaneous

Front 426

Distribution of Superficial Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve

Back 426

Supplies fibularis longus and brevis and skin on distal third of anterior surface of leg and dorsum of foot

Front 427

Origin of Deep Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve

Back 427

Common fibular nerve

Front 428

Course of Deep Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve

Back 428

Arises between fibularis longus and neck of fibula; passes through extensor digitorum longus and descends on interosseous membrane; crosses distal end of tibia and enters dorsum of foot

Front 429

Distribution of Deep Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve

Back 429

Supplies anterior muscles of leg, dorsum of foot, and skin of first interdigital cleft; sends articular branches to joints it crosses

Front 430

Origin of Saphenous Nerve

Back 430

Femoral nerve

Front 431

Course of Saphenous Nerve

Back 431

Arises in femoral triangle and descends through thigh and leg; accompanies great saphenous vein anterior to medial malleolus; ends on medial side of foot

Front 432

Distribution of Saphenous Nerve

Back 432

Supplies skin on medial side of foot as far anteriorly as head of 1st metatarsal

Front 433

Origin of Superficial Fibular Nerve

Back 433

Common fibular nerve

Front 434

Course of Superficial Fibular Nerve

Back 434

Pierces deep fascia in distal third of leg to become cutaneous; then sends branches to foot and digits

Front 435

Distribution of Superficial Fibular Nerve

Back 435

Supplies skin on dorsum of foot and all digits, except lateral side of 5th and adjoining sides of the 1st and 2nd digits

Front 436

Origin of Deep Fibular Nerve

Back 436

Common fibular nerve

Front 437

Course of Deep Fibular Nerve

Back 437

Passes deep to extensor retinaculum to enter dorsum of foot

Front 438

Distribution of Deep Fibular Nerve

Back 438

Supplies extensor digitorum brevis and skin on contiguous sides of 1st and 2nd digits

Front 439

Origin of Medial Plantar Nerve

Back 439

Larger terminal branch of tibial nerve

Front 440

Course of Medial Plantar Nerve

Back 440

Passes distally in foot between abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis; divides into muscular and cutaneous branches

Front 441

Distribution of Medial Plantar Nerve

Back 441

Supplies skin of medial side of sole of foot and sides of first three digits; also supplies abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallucis brevis, and first lumbrical

Front 442

Origin of Lateral Plantar Nerve

Back 442

Smaller terminal branch of tibial nerve

Front 443

Course of Lateral Plantar Nerve

Back 443

Passes laterally in foot between quadratus plantae and flexor digitorum brevis muscles; divides into superficial and deep branches

Front 444

Distribution of Lateral Plantar Nerve

Back 444

Supplies quadratus plantae, abductor digiti minimi, digiti minimi brevis; deep branch supplies plantar and dorsal interossei, lateral three lumbricals, and adductor hallucis; supplies skin on sole lateral to a line splitting 4th digit

Front 445

Origin of Sural Nerve

Back 445

Usually arises from both tibial and common fibular nerves

Front 446

Course of Sural Nerve

Back 446

Passes inferior to the lateral malleolus to lateral side of foot

Front 447

Distribution of Sural Nerve

Back 447

Lateral aspect of hindfoot and midfoot

Front 448

Origin of Calcaneal Nerve Branches

Back 448

Tibial and sural nerves

Front 449

Course of Calcaneal Nerve Branches

Back 449

Pass from distal part of the posterior aspect of leg to skin on heel

Front 450

Distribution of Calcaneal Nerve Branches

Back 450

Skin of heel

Front 451

Are Cardiopulmonary (Cervical And Upper Thoracic) Splanchnic Nerves Presynaptic or Postsynaptic?

Back 451

Postsynaptic

Front 452

Are Cardiopulmonary (Cervical And Upper Thoracic) Splanchnic Nerves Sympathetic or Parasympathetic?

Back 452

Sympathetic

Front 453

Origin of Cardiopulmonary (Cervical And Upper Thoracic) Splanchnic Nerves

Back 453

Cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic trunk

Front 454

Destination of Cardiopulmonary (Cervical And Upper Thoracic) Splanchnic Nerves

Back 454

Thoracic cavity (viscera superior to level of diaphragm)

Front 455

Are Abdominopelvic (General) Splanchnic Nerves Presynaptic or Postsynaptic?

Back 455

Presynaptic

Front 456

Are Abdominopelvic (General) Splanchnic Nerves Sympathetic or Parasympathetic?

Back 456

Sympathetic

Front 457

Origin of Abdominopelvic (General) Splanchnic Nerves

Back 457

Lower thoracic and abdominopelvic sympathetic trunk

Front 458

Destination of Abdominopelvic (General) Splanchnic Nerves

Back 458

Abdominopelvic cavity (prevertebral ganglia serving viscera and suprarenal glands inferior to level of diaphragm)

Front 459

Are Lower Thoracic Splanchnic Nerves Presynaptic or Postsynaptic?

Back 459

Presynaptic

Front 460

Are Lower Thoracic Splanchnic Nerves Sympathetic or Parasympathetic?

Back 460

Sympathetic

Front 461

Origin of Lower Thoracic Splanchnic Nerves

Back 461

Thoracic sympathetic trunk:

Front 462

Destination of Lower Thoracic Splanchnic Nerves

Back 462

Abdominal prevertebral ganglia

Front 463

Are Greater Splanchnic Nerves Presynaptic or Postsynaptic?

Back 463

Presynaptic

Front 464

Are Greater Splanchnic Nerves Sympathetic or Parasympathetic?

Back 464

Sympathetic

Front 465

Origin of Greater Splanchnic Nerves

Back 465

T5-T9 or T10 level

Front 466

Destination of Greater Splanchnic Nerves

Back 466

Celiac ganglia

Front 467

Are Lesser Splanchnic Nerves Presynaptic or Postsynaptic?

Back 467

Presynaptic

Front 468

Are Lesser Splanchnic Nerves Sympathetic or Parasympathetic?

Back 468

Sympathetic

Front 469

Origin of Lesser Splanchnic Nerves

Back 469

T10-T11 level

Front 470

Destination of Lesser Splanchnic Nerves

Back 470

Aorticorenal ganglia

Front 471

Are Least Splanchnic Nerves Presynaptic or Postsynaptic?

Back 471

Presynaptic

Front 472

Are Least Splanchnic Nerves Sympathetic or Parasympathetic?

Back 472

Sympathetic

Front 473

Origin of Least Splanchnic Nerves

Back 473

T12 level

Front 474

Destination of Least Splanchnic Nerves

Back 474

Other abdominal prevertebal ganglia (superior and inferior mesenteric, and of intermesenteric/hypogastric plexuses)

Front 475

Are Lumbar Splanchnic Nerves Presynaptic or Postsynaptic?

Back 475

Presynaptic

Front 476

Are Lumbar Splanchnic Nerves Sympathetic or Parasympathetic?

Back 476

Sympathetic

Front 477

Origin of Lumbar Splanchnic Nerves

Back 477

Abdominal sympathetic trunk

Front 478

Destination of Lumbar Splanchnic Nerves

Back 478

Other abdominal prevertebal ganglia (superior and inferior mesenteric, and of intermesenteric/hypogastric plexuses)

Front 479

Are Sacral Splanchnic Nerves Presynaptic or Postsynaptic?

Back 479

Presynaptic

Front 480

Are Sacral Splanchnic Nerves Sympathetic or Parasympathetic?

Back 480

Sympathetic

Front 481

Origin of Sacral Splanchnic Nerves

Back 481

Pelvic (sacral) sympathetic trunk

Front 482

Destination of Sacral Splanchnic Nerves

Back 482

Pelvic prevertebral ganglia

Front 483

Are Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves Presynaptic or Postsynaptic?

Back 483

Presynaptic

Front 484

Are Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves Sympathetic or Parasympathetic?

Back 484

Parasympathetic

Front 485

Origin of Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves

Back 485

Anterior rami of S2-S4 spinal nerves

Front 486

Destination of Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves

Back 486

Intrinsic ganglia of descending and sigmoid colon, rectum, and pelvic viscera

Front 487

Arterial Supply for Superior Surface of Diaphragm

Back 487

Superior phrenic arteries from thoracic aorta Musculophrenic and pericardiophrenic arteries from internal thoracic arteries

Front 488

Arterial Supply for Inferior Surface of Diaphragm

Back 488

Inferior phrenic arteries from abdominal aorta

Front 489

Venous Drainage for Superior Surface of Diaphragm

Back 489

Musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic veins drain into internal thoracic veins; superior phrenic vein (right side) drains into IVC

Front 490

Venous Drainage for Inferior Surface of Diaphragm

Back 490

Inferior phrenic veins; right vein drains into IVC; left vein is doubled and drains into IVC and suprarenal vein

Front 491

Lymphatic Drainage for Superior Surface of Diaphragm

Back 491

Diaphragmatic lymph nodes to phrenic nodes, then to parasternal and posterior mediastinal nodes

Front 492

Lymphatic Drainage for Inferior Surface of Diaphragm

Back 492

Superior lumbar lymph nodes; lymphatic plexuses on superior and inferior surfaces communicate freely

Front 493

Innervation for Superior Surface of Diaphragm

Back 493

Motor supply: phrenic nerves (C3-C5)

Front 494

Origin of Musculophrenic Artery

Back 494

Internal thoracic artery

Front 495

Course of Musculophrenic Artery

Back 495

Descends along costal margin

Front 496

Distribution of Musculophrenic Artery

Back 496

Superficial and deep abdominal wall of hypochondriac region; anterolateral diaphragm

Front 497

Origin of Superior Epigastric Artery

Back 497

Internal thoracic artery

Front 498

Course of Superior Epigastric Artery

Back 498

Descends in rectus sheath deep to rectus abdominis

Front 499

Distribution of Superior Epigastric Artery

Back 499

Rectus abdominis muscle; superficial and deep abdominal wall of epigastric and upper umbilical regions

Front 500

Origin of 10th And 11th Posterior Intercostal Artery

Back 500

Aorta

Front 501

Course of 10th And 11th Posterior Intercostal Artery

Back 501

Arteries continue beyond ribs to descend in abdominal wall between internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles

Front 502

Distribution of 10th And 11th Posterior Intercostal Artery

Back 502

Superficial and deep abdominal wall of lateral (lumbar or flank) region

Front 503

Origin of Subcostal Artery

Back 503

Aorta

Front 504

Course of Subcostal Artery

Back 504

Arteries continue beyond ribs to descend in abdominal wall between internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles

Front 505

Distribution of Subcostal Artery

Back 505

Superficial and deep abdominal wall of lateral (lumbar or flank) region

Front 506

Origin of Inferior Epigastric Artery

Back 506

External iliac artery

Front 507

Course of Inferior Epigastric Artery

Back 507

Runs superiorly and enters rectus sheath; runs deep to rectus abdominis

Front 508

Distribution of Inferior Epigastric Artery

Back 508

Rectus abdominis muscle; deep abdominal wall of pubic and inferior umbilical regions

Front 509

Origin of Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery

Back 509

External iliac artery

Front 510

Course of Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery

Back 510

Runs on deep aspect of anterior abdominal wall, parallel to inguinal ligament

Front 511

Distribution of Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery

Back 511

Iliacus muscle and deep abdominal wall of inguinal region; iliac fossa

Front 512

Origin of Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery

Back 512

Femoral artery

Front 513

Course of Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery

Back 513

Runs in subcutaneous tissue along inguinal ligament

Front 514

Distribution of Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery

Back 514

Superficial abdominal wall of inguinal region and adjacent anterior thigh

Front 515

Origin of Superficial Epigastric Artery

Back 515

Femoral artery

Front 516

Course of Superficial Epigastric Artery

Back 516

Runs in subcutaneous tissue toward umbilicus

Front 517

Distribution of Superficial Epigastric Artery

Back 517

Superficial abdominal wall of pubic and inferior umbilical regions

Front 518

Origin of Celiac Trunk Artery

Back 518

Abdominal aorta (at level of aortic hiatus)

Front 519

Course of Celiac Trunk Artery

Back 519

After short anteroinferior course, bifurcates into splenic and common hepatic arteries

Front 520

Distribution of Celiac Trunk Artery

Back 520

Esophagus, stomach, proximal duodenum, liver/biliary apparatus, pancreas

Front 521

Origin of Left Gastric Artery

Back 521

Celiac trunk

Front 522

Course of Left Gastric Artery

Back 522

Ascends retroperitoneally to esophageal hiatus, giving rise to an esophageal branch; then descending along lesser curvature to anastomose with right gastric artery

Front 523

Distribution of Left Gastric Artery

Back 523

Distal (mostly abdominal) part of esophagus and lesser curvature of stomach

Front 524

Origin of Splenic Artery

Back 524

Celiac trunk

Front 525

Course of Splenic Artery

Back 525

Runs retroperitoneally along superior border of pancreas; traverses splenorenal ligament to hilum of spleen

Front 526

Distribution of Splenic Artery

Back 526

Body of pancreas, spleen, and greater curvature and posterior stomach body

Front 527

Origin of Posterior Gastric Artery

Back 527

Splenic artery posterior to stomach

Front 528

Course of Posterior Gastric Artery

Back 528

Ascends retroperitoneally along posterior wall of lesser omental bursa to enter gastrophrenic ligament

Front 529

Distribution of Posterior Gastric Artery

Back 529

Posterior wall and fundus of stomach

Front 530

Origin of Left Gastro-Omental (Left Gastroepiploic) Artery

Back 530

Splenic artery in hilum of spleen

Front 531

Course of Left Gastro-Omental (Left Gastroepiploic) Artery

Back 531

Passes between layers of gastrosplenic ligament to stomach, then along greater curvature in greater omentum to anastomose with right gastro-omental artery

Front 532

Distribution of Left Gastro-Omental (Left Gastroepiploic) Artery

Back 532

Left portion of greater curvature of stomach

Front 533

Origin of Short Gastric (N = 4-5) Artery

Back 533

Splenic artery in hilum of spleen

Front 534

Course of Short Gastric (N = 4-5) Artery

Back 534

Passes between layers of gastrosplenic ligament to fundus of stomach

Front 535

Distribution of Short Gastric (N = 4-5) Artery

Back 535

Fundus of stomach

Front 536

Origin of Hepatic Artery

Back 536

Celiac trunk

Front 537

Course of Hepatic Artery

Back 537

Passes retroperitoneally to reach hepatoduodenal ligament; passing between layers to porta hepatis; bifurcates into right and left hepatic arteries

Front 538

Distribution of Hepatic Artery

Back 538

Liver, gallbladder and biliary ducts, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, and respective lobes of liver

Front 539

Origin of Cystic Artery

Back 539

Right hepatic artery

Front 540

Course of Cystic Artery

Back 540

Arises within hepatoduodenal ligament (in cystohepatic triangle of Calot)

Front 541

Distribution of Cystic Artery

Back 541

Gallbladder and cystic duct

Front 542

Origin of Right Gastric Artery

Back 542

Hepatic artery

Front 543

Course of Right Gastric Artery

Back 543

Runs along lesser curvature of stomach to anastomose with left gastric artery

Front 544

Distribution of Right Gastric Artery

Back 544

Right portion of lesser curvature of stomach

Front 545

Origin of Gastroduodenal Artery

Back 545

Hepatic artery

Front 546

Course of Gastroduodenal Artery

Back 546

Descends retroperitoneally, posterior to gastroduodenal junction

Front 547

Distribution of Gastroduodenal Artery

Back 547

Stomach, pancreas, first part of duodenum, and distal part of bile duct

Front 548

Origin of Right Gastro-Omental (Right Gastroepiploic) Artery

Back 548

Gastroduodenal artery

Front 549

Course of Right Gastro-Omental (Right Gastroepiploic) Artery

Back 549

Passes between layers of greater omentum along greater curvature of stomach to anastomose with left gastro-omental artery

Front 550

Distribution of Right Gastro-Omental (Right Gastroepiploic) Artery

Back 550

Right portion of greater curvature of stomach

Front 551

Origin of Superior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery

Back 551

Gastroduodenal artery

Front 552

Course of Superior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery

Back 552

Divides into anterior and posterior arteries that descend on each side of pancreatic head, anastomosing with similar branches of inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

Front 553

Distribution of Superior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery

Back 553

Proximal portion of duodenum and superior part of head of pancreas

Front 554

Origin of Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery

Back 554

Superior mesenteric artery

Front 555

Course of Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery

Back 555

Divides into anterior and posterior arteries that ascend on each side of pancreatic head, anastomosing with similar branches of superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

Front 556

Distribution of Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery

Back 556

Distal portion of duodenum and head of pancreas

Front 557

Origin of Superior Mesenteric Artery

Back 557

Abdominal aorta

Front 558

Course of Superior Mesenteric Artery

Back 558

Runs in root of mesentery to ileocecal junction

Front 559

Distribution of Superior Mesenteric Artery

Back 559

Part of gastrointestinal tract derived from midgut

Front 560

Origin of Intestinal (Jejunal And Ileal) (N = 15-18) Artery

Back 560

Superior mesenteric artery

Front 561

Course of Intestinal (Jejunal And Ileal) (N = 15-18) Artery

Back 561

Passes between two layers of mesentery

Front 562

Distribution of Intestinal (Jejunal And Ileal) (N = 15-18) Artery

Back 562

Jejunum and ileum

Front 563

Origin of Middle Colic Artery

Back 563

Superior mesenteric artery

Front 564

Course of Middle Colic Artery

Back 564

Ascends retroperitoneally and passes between layers of transverse mesocolon

Front 565

Distribution of Middle Colic Artery

Back 565

Transverse colon

Front 566

Origin of Right Colic Artery

Back 566

Superior mesenteric artery

Front 567

Course of Right Colic Artery

Back 567

Passes retroperitoneally to reach ascending colon

Front 568

Distribution of Right Colic Artery

Back 568

Ascending colon

Front 569

Origin of Ileocolic Artery

Back 569

Terminal branch of superior mesenteric artery

Front 570

Course of Ileocolic Artery

Back 570

Runs along root of mesentery and divides into ileal and colic branches

Front 571

Distribution of Ileocolic Artery

Back 571

Ileum, cecum, and ascending colon

Front 572

Origin of Appendicular Artery

Back 572

Ileocolic artery

Front 573

Course of Appendicular Artery

Back 573

Passes between layers of mesoappendix

Front 574

Distribution of Appendicular Artery

Back 574

Appendix

Front 575

Origin of Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Back 575

Abdominal aorta

Front 576

Course of Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Back 576

Descends retroperitoneally to left of abdominal aorta

Front 577

Distribution of Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Back 577

Supplies part of digestive tract derived from hindgut

Front 578

Origin of Left Colic Artery

Back 578

Inferior mesenteric artery

Front 579

Course of Left Colic Artery

Back 579

Passes retroperitoneally toward left to descending colon

Front 580

Distribution of Left Colic Artery

Back 580

Descending colon

Front 581

Origin of Sigmoid (N = 3-4) Artery

Back 581

Inferior mesenteric artery

Front 582

Course of Sigmoid (N = 3-4) Artery

Back 582

Passes retroperitoneally toward left to descending colon

Front 583

Distribution of Sigmoid (N = 3-4) Artery

Back 583

Descending and sigmoid colon

Front 584

Origin of Superior Rectal Artery

Back 584

Terminal branch of inferior mesenteric artery

Front 585

Course of Superior Rectal Artery

Back 585

Descends retroperitoneally to rectum

Front 586

Distribution of Superior Rectal Artery

Back 586

Proximal part of rectum

Front 587

Origin of Middle Rectal Artery

Back 587

Internal iliac artery

Front 588

Course of Middle Rectal Artery

Back 588

Passes retroperitoneally to rectum

Front 589

Distribution of Middle Rectal Artery

Back 589

Midpart of rectum

Front 590

Origin of Inferior Rectal Artery

Back 590

Internal pudendal artery

Front 591

Course of Inferior Rectal Artery

Back 591

Crosses ischioanal fossa to reach rectum

Front 592

Distribution of Inferior Rectal Artery

Back 592

Distal part of rectum and anal canal

Front 593

Origin of Testicular (♂) Artery

Back 593

Abdominal aorta

Front 594

Course of Testicular (♂) Artery

Back 594

traverses inguinal canal and enters scrotum

Front 595

Distribution of Testicular (♂) Artery

Back 595

Abdominal ureter, testis, and epididymis

Front 596

Origin of Ovarian (♀) Artery

Back 596

Abdominal aorta

Front 597

Course of Ovarian (♀) Artery

Back 597

crosses pelvic brim, descends in suspensory ligament of ovary

Front 598

Distribution of Ovarian (♀) Artery

Back 598

Abdominal and/or pelvic ureter, ovary, and ampullary end of uterine tube

Front 599

Origin of Superior Rectal Artery

Back 599

Continuation of inferior mesenteric artery

Front 600

Course of Superior Rectal Artery

Back 600

Crosses left common iliac vessels and descends into pelvis between layers of sigmoid mesocolon

Front 601

Distribution of Superior Rectal Artery

Back 601

Superior part of rectum

Front 602

Origin of Median Sacral Artery

Back 602

Posterior aspect of abdominal aorta

Front 603

Course of Median Sacral Artery

Back 603

Descends close to midline over L4 and L5 vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx

Front 604

Distribution of Median Sacral Artery

Back 604

Inferior lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx

Front 605

Origin of Internal Iliac Artery

Back 605

Common iliac artery

Front 606

Course of Internal Iliac Artery

Back 606

Passes medially over pelvic brim and descends into pelvic cavity; often forms anterior and posterior divisions

Front 607

Distribution of Internal Iliac Artery

Back 607

Main blood supply to pelvic organs, gluteal muscles, and perineum

Front 608

Origin of Anterior Division Of Internal Iliac Artery

Back 608

Internal iliac artery

Front 609

Course of Anterior Division Of Internal Iliac Artery

Back 609

Passes anteriorly along lateral wall of pelvis, dividing into visceral, obturator, and internal pudendal arteries

Front 610

Distribution of Anterior Division Of Internal Iliac Artery

Back 610

Pelvic viscera, muscles of superior medial thigh, and perineum

Front 611

Origin of Umbilical Artery

Back 611

Anterior division of internal iliac artery

Front 612

Course of Umbilical Artery

Back 612

Runs a short pelvic course, gives off superior vesical arteries, then obliterates, becoming medial umbilical ligament

Front 613

Distribution of Umbilical Artery

Back 613

Superior aspect of urinary bladder and, in some males, ductus deferens (via superior vesical arteries and artery to ductus deferens)

Front 614

Origin of Superior Vesical Artery

Back 614

Anterior division of internal iliac artery

Front 615

Course of Superior Vesical Artery

Back 615

Usually multiple; pass to superior aspect of urinary bladder

Front 616

Distribution of Superior Vesical Artery

Back 616

Superior aspect of urinary bladder; in some males, ductus deferens (via artery to ductus deferens)

Front 617

Origin of Obturator Artery

Back 617

Anterior division of internal iliac artery

Front 618

Course of Obturator Artery

Back 618

Runs anteroinferiorly on obturator fascia of lateral pelvic wall, exiting pelvis via obturator canal

Front 619

Distribution of Obturator Artery

Back 619

Pelvic muscles, nutrient artery to ilium, head of femur, and muscles of medial compartment of thigh

Front 620

Origin of Inferior Vesical (♂) Artery

Back 620

Anterior division of internal iliac artery

Front 621

Course of Inferior Vesical (♂) Artery

Back 621

Passes subperitoneally in lateral ligament of bladder, giving rise to prostatic artery (♂) and occasionally the artery to the ductus deferens

Front 622

Distribution of Inferior Vesical (♂) Artery

Back 622

Inferior aspect of male urinary bladder, pelvic part of ureter; prostate, and seminal glands; occasionally ductus deferens

Front 623

Origin of Artery To Ductus Deferens (♂)

Back 623

Anterior division of internal iliac artery

Front 624

Course of Artery To Ductus Deferens (♂)

Back 624

Runs subperitoneally to ductus deferens

Front 625

Distribution of Artery To Ductus Deferens (♂)

Back 625

Ductus deferens

Front 626

Origin of Prostatic Arterial Branches (♂)

Back 626

Anterior division of internal iliac artery

Front 627

Course of Prostatic Arterial Branches (♂)

Back 627

Descends on posterolateral aspects of prostate

Front 628

Distribution of Prostatic Arterial Branches (♂)

Back 628

Prostate and prostatic urethra

Front 629

Origin of Uterine (♀) Artery

Back 629

Anterior division of internal iliac artery

Front 630

Course of Uterine (♀) Artery

Back 630

Runs anteromedially in base of broad ligament/superior cardinal ligament, gives rise to vaginal branch, then crosses ureter superiorly to reach lateral aspect of uterine cervix

Front 631

Distribution of Uterine (♀) Artery

Back 631

Uterus, ligaments of uterus, medial parts of uterine tube and ovary, and superior vagina

Front 632

Origin of Vaginal (♀) Artery

Back 632

Anterior division of internal iliac artery

Front 633

Course of Vaginal (♀) Artery

Back 633

Divides into vaginal and inferior vesical branches, the former descending on the vagina, the latter passing to the urinary bladder

Front 634

Distribution of Vaginal (♀) Artery

Back 634

Vaginal branch: lower vagina, vestibular bulb, and adjacent rectum; inferior vesical branch: fundus of urinary bladder

Front 635

Origin of Internal Pudendal Artery

Back 635

Anterior division of internal iliac artery

Front 636

Course of Internal Pudendal Artery

Back 636

Exits pelvis via infrapiriform part of greater sciatic foramen, enters perineum (ischioanal fossa) via lesser sciatic foramen, passes via pudendal canal to UG triangle

Front 637

Distribution of Internal Pudendal Artery

Back 637

Main artery of perineum, including muscles and skin of anal and urogenital triangles, erectible bodies

Front 638

Origin of Middle Rectal Artery

Back 638

Anterior division of internal iliac artery

Front 639

Course of Middle Rectal Artery

Back 639

Descends in pelvis to inferior part of rectum

Front 640

Distribution of Middle Rectal Artery

Back 640

Inferior part of rectum, seminal glands, prostate (vagina)

Front 641

Origin of Inferior Gluteal Artery

Back 641

Anterior division of internal iliac artery

Front 642

Course of Inferior Gluteal Artery

Back 642

Exits pelvis via infrapiriform part of greater sciatic foramen

Front 643

Distribution of Inferior Gluteal Artery

Back 643

Pelvic diaphragm (coccygeus and levator ani), piriformis, quadratus femoris, superiormost hamstrings, gluteus maximus, and sciatic nerve

Front 644

Origin of Posterior Division Of Internal Iliac Artery

Back 644

Internal iliac artery

Front 645

Course of Posterior Division Of Internal Iliac Artery

Back 645

Passes posteriorly and gives rise to parietal branches

Front 646

Distribution of Posterior Division Of Internal Iliac Artery

Back 646

Pelvic wall and gluteal region

Front 647

Origin of Iliolumbar Artery

Back 647

Posterior division of internal iliac artery

Front 648

Course of Iliolumbar Artery

Back 648

Ascends anterior to sacroiliac joint and posterior to common iliac vessels and psoas major, dividing into iliac and lumbar branches

Front 649

Distribution of Iliolumbar Artery

Back 649

Psoas major, iliacus, and quadratus lumborum muscles; cauda equina in vertebral canal

Front 650

Origin of Lateral Sacral (Superior And Inferior) Artery

Back 650

Posterior division of internal iliac artery

Front 651

Course of Lateral Sacral (Superior And Inferior) Artery

Back 651

Runs on anteromedial aspect of piriformis to send branches into pelvic sacral foramina

Front 652

Distribution of Lateral Sacral (Superior And Inferior) Artery

Back 652

Piriformis, structures in sacral canal, erector spinae, and overlying skin

Front 653

Origin of Superior Gluteal Artery

Back 653

Posterior division of internal iliac artery

Front 654

Course of Superior Gluteal Artery

Back 654

Passes between lumbosacral trunk and anterior ramus of S1 spinal nerve to exit pelvis via suprapiriform portion of greater sciatic foramen

Front 655

Distribution of Superior Gluteal Artery

Back 655

Piriformis, all three gluteal muscles, and tensor fasciae latae

Front 656

Origin of Internal Pudendal Artery

Back 656

Anterior division of internal iliac artery

Front 657

Course of Internal Pudendal Artery

Back 657

Leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen; hooks around ischial spine to enter perineum via lesser sciatic foramen; enters pudendal canal

Front 658

Distribution of Internal Pudendal Artery

Back 658

Primary artery of perineum and external genital organs

Front 659

Origin of Inferior Rectal Artery

Back 659

Internal pudendal artery

Front 660

Course of Inferior Rectal Artery

Back 660

Arises at entrance to pudendal canal; traverses ischioanal fossa to anal canal

Front 661

Distribution of Inferior Rectal Artery

Back 661

Anal canal inferior to pectinate line; anal sphincters; perianal skin

Front 662

Origin of Perineal Artery

Back 662

Internal pudendal artery

Front 663

Course of Perineal Artery

Back 663

Arises within pudendal canal; passes to superficial pouch (space) on exit

Front 664

Distribution of Perineal Artery

Back 664

Supplies superficial perineal muscles and scrotum of male/vestibule of female

Front 665

Origin of Posterior Scrotal (♂) Or Labial (♀) Artery

Back 665

Terminal branch of perineal artery

Front 666

Course of Posterior Scrotal (♂) Or Labial (♀) Artery

Back 666

Runs in superficial fascia of posterior scrotum or labia majora

Front 667

Distribution of Posterior Scrotal (♂) Or Labial (♀) Artery

Back 667

Skin of scrotum or labia majora and minora

Front 668

Origin of Artery Of Bulb Of Penis (♂) Or Vestibule (♀)

Back 668

Terminal branch of perineal artery

Front 669

Course of Artery Of Bulb Of Penis (♂) Or Vestibule (♀)

Back 669

Pierces perineal membrane to reach bulb of penis or vestibule of vagina

Front 670

Distribution of Artery Of Bulb Of Penis (♂) Or Vestibule (♀)

Back 670

Supplies bulb of penis (including bulbar urethra) and bulbourethral gland (male) or bulb of vestibule and greater vestibular gland (female)

Front 671

Origin of Deep Of Penis (♂) Or Clitoris (♀) Artery

Back 671

Terminal branch of internal pudendal artery

Front 672

Course of Deep Of Penis (♂) Or Clitoris (♀) Artery

Back 672

Pierces perineal membrane to enter crura of corpora cavernosa of penis or clitoris; branches run proximally and distally

Front 673

Distribution of Deep Of Penis (♂) Or Clitoris (♀) Artery

Back 673

Supplies most erectile tissue of corpora cavernosa of penis or clitoris via helicine arteries

Front 674

Origin of Dorsal Artery Of Penis (♂) Or Clitoris (♀)

Back 674

Terminal branch of internal pudendal artery

Front 675

Course of Dorsal Artery Of Penis (♂) Or Clitoris (♀)

Back 675

Passes to deep pouch; pierces perineal membrane and traverses suspensory ligament of penis or clitoris to run on dorsum of penis or clitoris to glans

Front 676

Distribution of Dorsal Artery Of Penis (♂) Or Clitoris (♀)

Back 676

Deep perineal pouch; skin of penis; fascia of penis or clitoris; distal corpus spongiosum of penis, including spongy urethra; glans penis or clitoris

Front 677

Origin of External Pudendal, Superficial, And Deep Arterial Branches

Back 677

Femoral artery

Front 678

Course of External Pudendal, Superficial, And Deep Arterial Branches

Back 678

Pass medially from thigh to reach anterior aspect of the urogenital triangle of perineum

Front 679

Distribution of External Pudendal, Superficial, And Deep Arterial Branches

Back 679

Anterior aspect of scrotum and skin at root of penis of male; mons pubis and anterior aspect of labia of female

Front 680

Origin of Femoral Artery

Back 680

Continuation of external iliac artery distal to inguinal ligament

Front 681

Course of Femoral Artery

Back 681

Descends through femoral triangle bisecting it; then courses through adductor canal; terminates as it traverses adductor hiatus, where its name becomes popliteal artery

Front 682

Distribution of Femoral Artery

Back 682

Branches supply anterior and anteromedial aspects of thigh

Front 683

Origin of Deep Of Thigh Artery

Back 683

Femoral artery 1-5 cm inferior to inguinal ligament

Front 684

Course of Deep Of Thigh Artery

Back 684

Passes deeply between pectineus and adductor longus; descending posterior to latter on medial side of femur

Front 685

Distribution of Deep Of Thigh Artery

Back 685

Three to four perforating arteries pass through adductor magnus muscle, winding around femur to supply muscles in medial, posterior, and lateral part of anterior compartments

Front 686

Origin of Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery

Back 686

Deep artery of thigh; may arise from femoral artery

Front 687

Course of Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery

Back 687

Passes medially and posteriorly between pectineus and iliopsoas; enters gluteal region and gives rise to posterior retinacular arteries; then terminates by dividing into transverse and ascending branches

Front 688

Distribution of Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery

Back 688

Supplies most of blood to head and neck of femur; transverse branch takes part in cruciate anastomosis of thigh; ascending branch joins inferior gluteal artery

Front 689

Origin of Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery

Back 689

Deep artery of thigh; may arise from femoral artery

Front 690

Course of Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery

Back 690

Passes laterally deep to sartorius and rectus femoris, dividing into ascending, transverse, and descending arteries

Front 691

Distribution of Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery

Back 691

Ascending branch supplies anterior part of gluteal region; transverse branch winds around femur; descending branch joins genicular periarticular anastomosis

Front 692

Origin of Obturator (Lower Limb) Artery

Back 692

Internal iliac artery or (in ~20%) as an accessory or replaced obturator artery from the inferior epigastric artery

Front 693

Course of Obturator (Lower Limb) Artery

Back 693

Passes through obturator foramen; enters medial compartment of thigh and divides into anterior and posterior branches, which pass on respective sides of adductor brevis

Front 694

Distribution of Obturator (Lower Limb) Artery

Back 694

Anterior branch supplies obturator externus, pectineus, adductors of thigh, and gracilis; posterior branch supplies muscles attached to ischial tuberosity

Front 695

Origin of Superior Gluteal (Lower Limb) Artery

Back 695

Posterior division of internal iliac artery

Front 696

Course of Superior Gluteal (Lower Limb) Artery

Back 696

Enters gluteal region through greater sciatic foramen superior to piriformis; divides into superficial and deep branches; anastomoses with inferior gluteal and medial circumflex femoral arteries (not shown in Fig. 5.44)

Front 697

Distribution of Superior Gluteal (Lower Limb) Artery

Back 697

Superficial branch: supplies gluteus maximus Deep branch: runs between gluteus medius and minimus and supplies them and tensor fasciae latae

Front 698

Origin of Inferior Gluteal (Lower Limb) Artery

Back 698

Anterior division of internal iliac artery

Front 699

Course of Inferior Gluteal (Lower Limb) Artery

Back 699

Enters gluteal region through greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis; descends on medial side of sciatic nerve; anastomoses with superior gluteal artery and participates in cruciate anastomosis of thigh, involving first perforating artery of deep femoral and medial and lateral circumflex arteries (not shown in Fig. 5.44)

Front 700

Distribution of Inferior Gluteal (Lower Limb) Artery

Back 700

Supplies gluteus maximus, obturator internus, quadratus femoris, and superior parts of hamstrings

Front 701

Origin of Internal Pudendal (Lower Limb) Artery

Back 701

Anterior division of internal iliac artery

Front 702

Course of Internal Pudendal (Lower Limb) Artery

Back 702

Enters gluteal region through greater sciatic foramen; descends posterior to ischial spine; enters perineum through lesser sciatic foramen

Front 703

Distribution of Internal Pudendal (Lower Limb) Artery

Back 703

Supplies external genitalia and muscles in perineal region; does not supply gluteal region

Front 704

Origin of Perforating (Lower Limb) Artery

Back 704

Femoral artery

Front 705

Course of Perforating (Lower Limb) Artery

Back 705

Enters posterior compartment by perforating aponeurotic portion of adductor magnus attachment and medial intermuscular septum; after providing muscular branches to hamstrings, continues to anterior compartment by piercing lateral intermuscular septum

Front 706

Distribution of Perforating (Lower Limb) Artery

Back 706

Supplies majority (central portions) of hamstring muscles, then continues to supply vastus lateralis in anterior compartment

Front 707

Origin of Popliteal Artery

Back 707

Continuation of femoral artery at adductor hiatus in adductor magnus

Front 708

Course of Popliteal Artery

Back 708

Passes through popliteal fossa to leg; ends at lower border of popliteus muscle by dividing into anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Front 709

Distribution of Popliteal Artery

Back 709

Superior, middle, and inferior genicular arteries to both lateral and medial aspects of knee

Front 710

Origin of Anterior Tibial Artery

Back 710

Popliteal

Front 711

Course of Anterior Tibial Artery

Back 711

Passes between tibia and fibula into anterior compartment through gap in superior part of interosseous membrane and descends this membrane between tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus

Front 712

Distribution of Anterior Tibial Artery

Back 712

Anterior compartment of leg

Front 713

Origin of Dorsalis Pedis (Dorsal Of Foot) Artery

Back 713

Continuation of anterior tibial artery distal to inferior extensor retinaculum

Front 714

Course of Dorsalis Pedis (Dorsal Of Foot) Artery

Back 714

Descends anteromedially to first interosseous space and divides into plantar and arcuate arteries

Front 715

Distribution of Dorsalis Pedis (Dorsal Of Foot) Artery

Back 715

Muscles on dorsum of foot; pierces first dorsal interosseous muscles as deep plantar artery to contribute to formation of plantar arch

Front 716

Origin of Posterior Tibial Artery

Back 716

Popliteal

Front 717

Course of Posterior Tibial Artery

Back 717

Passes through posterior compartment of leg and terminates distal to flexor retinaculum by dividing into medial and lateral plantar arteries

Front 718

Distribution of Posterior Tibial Artery

Back 718

Posterior and lateral compartments of leg; circumflex fibular branch joins anastomoses around knee; nutrient artery passes to tibia

Front 719

Origin of Fibular Artery

Back 719

Posterior tibial

Front 720

Course of Fibular Artery

Back 720

Descends in posterior compartment adjacent to posterior intermuscular septum

Front 721

Distribution of Fibular Artery

Back 721

Posterior compartment of leg: perforating branches supply lateral compartment of leg

Front 722

Posterior Wall of Deep Ring/Lateral Third of Inguinal Canal

Back 722

Transversalis fascia

Front 723

Posterior Wall of Middle Third of Inguinal Canal

Back 723

Transversalis fascia

Front 724

Posterior Wall of Lateral Third/Superficial Ring of Inguinal Canal

Back 724

Inguinal falx (conjoint tendon) plus reflected inguinal ligament

Front 725

Anterior Wall of Deep Ring/Lateral Third of Inguinal Canal

Back 725

Internal oblique plus lateral crus of aponeurosis of external oblique

Front 726

Anterior Wall of Middle Third of Inguinal Canal

Back 726

Aponeurosis of external oblique (lateral crus and intercrural fibers)

Front 727

Anterior Wall of Lateral Third/Superficial Ring of Inguinal Canal

Back 727

Aponeurosis of external oblique (intercrural fibers), with fascia of external oblique continuing onto cord as external spermatic fascia

Front 728

Roof of Deep Ring/Lateral Third of Inguinal Canal

Back 728

Transversalis fascia

Front 729

Roof of Middle Third of Inguinal Canal

Back 729

Musculoaponeurotic arches of internal oblique and transverse abdominal

Front 730

Roof of Lateral Third/Superficial Ring of Inguinal Canal

Back 730

Medial crus of aponeurosis of external oblique

Front 731

Floor of Deep Ring/Lateral Third of Inguinal Canal

Back 731

Iliopubic tract

Front 732

Floor of Middle Third of Inguinal Canal

Back 732

Inguinal ligament

Front 733

Floor of Lateral Third/Superficial Ring of Inguinal Canal

Back 733

Lacunar ligament

Front 734

Structures Typically Draining to Lumbar Lymph Nodes (Female: along ovarian vessels)

Back 734

Gonads and associated structures: ovary, uterine tube (except isthmus and intrauterine parts), fundus of uterus; common iliac nodes

Front 735

Structures Typically Draining to Lumbar Lymph Nodes (Male: along testicular vessels)

Back 735

Gonads and associated structures: testis, epididymis; common iliac nodes

Front 736

Structures Typically Draining to Inferior Mesenteric Lymph Nodes

Back 736

Superiormost rectum; sigmoid colon; descending colon; pararectal nodes

Front 737

Structures Typically Draining to Common Iliac Lymph Nodes

Back 737

External and internal iliac lymph nodes

Front 738

Structures Typically Draining to Internal Iliac Lymph Nodes (Female)

Back 738

Inferior pelvic structures: base of bladder, inferior pelvic ureter, anal canal (above pectinate line), inferior rectum, middle and upper vagina, cervix, body of uterus; deep perineal structures: terminal urethra, vagina; sacral nodes

Front 739

Structures Typically Draining to Internal Iliac Lymph Nodes (Male)

Back 739

Inferior pelvic structures: prostatic urethra, prostate, base of bladder, inferior pelvic ureter, inferior seminal glands, cavernous bodies, anal canal (above pectinate line), inferior rectum; deep perineal structures; sacral nodes

Front 740

Structures Typically Draining to External Iliac Lymph Nodes (Female)

Back 740

Anterosuperior pelvic structures: superior bladder, superior pelvic ureter, upper vagina, cervix, lower body of uterus; deep inguinal nodes

Front 741

Structures Typically Draining to Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes (Female)

Back 741

Lower limb; superficial drainage of inferolateral quadrant of trunk, including anterior abdominal wall inferior to umbilicus, gluteal region, and superficial perineal structures

Front 742

Structures Typically Draining to Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes (Male)

Back 742

Lower limb; superficial drainage of inferolateral quadrant of trunk, including anterior abdominal wall inferior to umbilicus, gluteal region, and superficial perineal structures: skin of perineum including skin and prepuce of penis, scrotum, perianal skin, anal canal inferior to pectinate line

Front 743

Structures Typically Draining to Deep Inguinal Lymph Nodes

Back 743

Glans of clitoris or penis; superficial inguinal nodes

Front 744

Structures Typically Draining to Sacral Lymph Nodes

Back 744

Posteroinferior pelvic structures: inferior rectum; inferior vagina

Front 745

Structures Typically Draining to Pararectal Lymph Nodes

Back 745

Superior rectum