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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Components of sexuality? |
More than just physical sex is vital in keeping relationships together at times Sexologist see sex as a component of connection in relationships, can be a source of conflict |
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What is celibacy |
Physically mature person who does not engage in sexual behaviour. Two forms: complete - no self or partner release Partial - does self love but no other contact |
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What are the explanation for choosing celibacy |
Religion, morals Learning about appropriate person Health considerations/ during substance abuse |
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Disadvantages of celibacy? |
Lack of physical affection, longing for touch. Coming out of celibacy can be hard Getting back into the game can be hard Legitimate choices. |
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How do hormones have a role in sex behaviour? |
Androgens/Estrogens influence sexuality, attraction among humans. Males produces 20 - 40 times more test. Estrogen produced in ovaries of females and in smaller quantities in males. |
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How do Androgens effect male behaviour? |
Studies linking test to male sexuality. Greater effect on desire that sexual function Does influence sensitivity of genitals Erectile difficulties associated with test deficiency. |
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What does estrogen/test effect female behaviour? |
Estrognes have more general role Maintains thickness of vaginal lining/helps lubrication Feminising effects - skin, breasts & genitals Test. plays important role in female libido. Same as males to given characteristics. |
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How much test in necessary? What is too much? |
Two forms - attached and free
95% male circulating test. is attached In women, 99% bound and 1 - 3% free. Too much test: hair loss, salt retention. Excessive hair growth, muscle mass, reduction of breast size. Enlarged clit. Free circulating free testosterone |
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What the role of the brain in sexual behaviour? |
Thoughts/Emotions/Memories influecne sex arousal. Alone fantasy can be stimulate. We do not respond all the same. odours/language/foreplay/different fetishes |
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What parts of the brain are used in sexual behaviour? What parts and their characteristics? |
Cerebral Cortex - fantasy/imagination/language. Limbic system - Associated with motivation/emotion in sexual function Also hypothalamus/ amygdala / hippocampus |
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How does the hypothalamus play a role in arousal? |
Electric stim causes arousal part of the hypo the Medial Preoptic area - increases sexual behaviour. Damage/opiates can suppress arousal/ performance in sexes |
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How do hormones influence arousal? |
Neuropeptide hormones especially oxytocin (love hormone) secreted during physical intimacy. Helps vaginal big O's and skin senstivity This appears to influence are erotic and emotional attraction. |
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How about the role of neurotransmitters? |
NT transmit messages through nervous system to influence arousal in MPOA (hypo) Dopamin - excitatory on MPOA Serotonin - inhibitory on sexual arousal, blocks oxytocin. No single centre for sex arousal, multiple factors in brain. |
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What is the role of fantasies? |
Research shows fantasy intensifies arousal. Fantasy learned through expierence and perception of what is sexy. 98% (xx 80%) of men fantasised about sex with other partners or novel. women about ex. sex fantasy related to test levels |
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Role of fantasies continued... |
It helps - source of pleasure Overcome sexual anxiety. Expression of acceptable/unacceptable social behaviour. also forbidden desires (gender expectations) |
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What are the positive/negative of fantasising? |
P: Healthy aspect P: Encouraged by therapist to increase arousal & interest. N: inability to express 'forbidden' desires. N: Disclosed fantasies may erode trust or jealousy |
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How does masturbation play a role? |
Self stimulation of genitals for sexual pleasure. Alot of traditional condemnation, due to: Non procreational activity. thru history. Mistaken assumptions - causes blindnes. Bland foods to deter sex (Special K) Mutilation to top/ Freud thought it was immature in mature relationships to M. |
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Historical aspects of Masturbation? |
19th/20th century - Fearful measure - mutilation (surgery), physical discipline. Bland foods. Freud thought M was detrimental for adult relationship/adolescent M was okay. |
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20th century research into M. |
Scientists began to link M to physcial/mental illness Kinsey dymistifed M in 1948. Masters & Johnson published benefits of M Goldstein & doson - common sexual practice 1970 |
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Common conceptions about M? |
M is good for you research suggests. Normal across all ages. But still considered taboo in most societies. |
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What are the beneficial purposes of M? |
Relieves sexual tension. Sexual exploration, learning, an ejac practice. Can be shared In physical relaxation/assists in knowledge of sexual response. |
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Debunking myths of M? |
Relationships - 72 Married man/ 68 married women. Single/partnered - 70 - 95 men/women M'it. Elderly, 46% M'ed 20% 3 or more times a week |
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How can M be unhealthy? |
Unhealthy if it interferes with life activity. Or used a crutch (self medicating). |
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Research into M shows... |
Women after 20 do it more often Men in adolescent years. Nurtures sex drive & relationship Individuals engage in sexual activity also M more with partners. |
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What is does sexual interaction do? |
We choose how to express sexuality. Difficult to define normal. Mutual consent essential and context critical. |
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What is Maltz's heirarchy? |
Level 2 - 3 - Postive levels are built on mutual choice, resepct and safety. 3. openess/ectasy Level - 1 - Postive roles in sex for procreation/ cultural roles/ expectations. Level - (-1) no responsibility for birth control, STD contraction, lack of consideration for self. Level - (-2) abusive interaction - coercion/dominacne. -3 - rape/hostility. |
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What are the four phases of sexual response? |
masters and johns - phases of physiological response. E. excitement - lubrication xx or erection xy P. Plateua - contractions/engorgement of vag/testes > Myotonia increases O. Orgasm - contraction/clit retraction / ejac R. Resolution - Myotonia decreases - xx - subsides of clit. erection goes. M quick to R. |
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Differences in sex and sexual response? |
Female vary greater in response Male refractory period longer Women have multiple O's |
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The senses of sexual behaviour? |
Touch - most dominant sense/erogenous zones Sight - 2nd most, amygdala. erotic/porn works Smell - pheromones, OE neural msgs to brain Sound - conveys direction/ups arousal & pleasure Taste |
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Different between aphrodisiacs? |
alcohol lowers sexual performance/ arousal/orgasm. Most opiates/medications/sterioids lower arousal. |
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Orientation and sexual behaviour stigmas. |
orientation does not determine the range of sexual behaviour in relationships, affetion touching a variety of sexual behaviours form repetoire Love styles and practices of couples all similar in all orientations. |
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What is homosexual sexual expression? |
More fellatio/ mutual masturbation. more - non coital. Same in lesbian sex, not much strap on play also tribadism (grinding) |
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Oral genital stimulation - research reports? |
More acceptance in 1940's. More oral sex since the 70's in unmarried, teens more oral less intercourse. |
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Cultural differences. |
Eastern societies - strive to pronlong sexual activity for hours. Western society - most common, also westernised asian countries. Africa sees behaviour as unnatural. |
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Infancy and Childhood characteristics? |
Capacity for sexual response from birth Normative behaviour not well studied Sexual behaviour is normal part of dev. |
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Childhood sexual behaviours? |
Self contact starts at 2 - 3 years. Parental reaction very influential. Interest in genitalia 4 - 7 years. range from inspection to touching. 5 - 7 years enact gender roles/emergence of playing with identified gender 8 - 9 years - homosociality. |
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Adolescents sexual behaviours? |
body changes 10 - 11 Self conscious Spans to 12 - 20 years of age. First physical than emotional. Hormones have major influence on behaviour. |
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Adolescent characteristics? |
Mixed messages for males and females. Be sexy but not slutty. be dominant but not a rapist or virgin. Teen feels need to conform to appearance. Increase in role differentiation in adol. |
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Adol. continued. What are the some characteristics |
Lower rates for M in females. Adol. Males have M 100% of the time. Female 75 M. |
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Sex stats and education currently. |
13% of teens have had sex by the age of 15. by 19, 70 percent have done it. 57% will have vag intercourse for the first time. |
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Sex education, what are the benefits? |
Does not increase experimentation or abstinance. Promotes well being and safe sex. Also promotes healthy boundaries, saying no. |
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Adolescent pregnancy, what are the reasons it occurs more often? |
Using B.C Fear of exam, embarressment Lack of education, planning Less stable relationships Confidentiality Lack of communication. |
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Abstinance education, what are characteristics? |
Abstinance before marriage program since 1996 No proof, programs have increased abstinance. Student from ab education have same amount of sex partners and FSI |
