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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
#01 Q
This is the definition of the sociological concept of DEVIANCE |
#01 A
Act(s) that a large or powerful segment of society disapproves of |
p. 247
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#02 Q
This is how sociologists evaluate DEVIANCE |
#02 A
It must be evaluated according to the context in which it occurs |
p. 248
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#03 Q
This is the means through which INDIRECT CONTROL of social behavior is generally accomplished |
#03 A
SOCIALIZATION |
p. 250
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#04 Q
According to classical criminologists, this is the most likely DETERRENT to DEVIANT behavior |
#04 A
the CERTAINTY OF PUNISHMENT |
p. 250
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#05 Q
Gossip and condemnation that is often associated with unwed teenage motherhood is an example of this type of SANCTION |
#05 A
INFORMAL-NEGATIVE SANCTIONS |
p. 250
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#06 Q
This is the group most likely to be victimized by STREET CRIME |
#06 A
Poor, male minority group members |
p. 252
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#07 Q
This is the term that Edwin Sutherland used to refer to illegal acts carried out by "respectable" people in the workplace |
#07 A
"WHITE COLLAR CRIME" |
p. 254
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#08 Q
List three examples of CORPORATE CRIME |
#08 A
Three examples: 1) Multinational bribery 2) Price fixing 3) Suppression of labor union activities |
p.254
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#09 Q
This is true of crime statistics |
#09 A
Excluding murder and auto theft, only half of all STREET CRIMES are reported to police |
p. 258
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#10 Q
This is the term for what Robert Merton believed to the be cause of DEVIANCE |
#10 A
ANOMIE [ pronounced: Ah no MEE ] |
p. 260
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#11 Q
This is Robert Merton's term for society's "drop-outs" who reject and withdraw from both the goals of society and the means to attain those goals |
#11 A
RETREATISTS |
p. 261
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#12 Q
This is what Emile Durkheim believed that ANOMIE is often caused by |
#12 A
Rapid social change and social conflict |
p. 260
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#13 Q
This is the name of Edwin Sutherland's theory that states that, like any other behavior, DEVIANCE is learned |
#13 A
DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION THEORY |
p. 262
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#14 Q
List the two sociological perspectives that influenced the LABELING perspective |
#14 A
Both perspectives: 1) Conflict theory 2) Symbolic Interaction theory |
p. 263
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#15 Q
This is the definition of PRIMARY DEVIANCE |
#15 A
DEVIANCE that is related to unique social, cultural, or psychological situations; it is NOT the result of LABELING |
p. 264
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#16 Q
The term used to describe the contention that what is DEVIANT in any society is the consequence of social or political processes |
#16 A
RELATIVISM |
p. 263
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#17 Q
The term that describes the social processes used to minimize DEVIANCE from social norms |
#17 A
SOCIAL CONTROLS [ Indirect and Direct ] |
p. 250
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#18 Q
This is the one category of STREET CRIME that the F.B.I. does NOT keep or publish statistics about each year |
#18 A
VICTIMLESS CRIMES |
pp. 252-3
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#19 Q
List three arguments that supporters of DECRIMINALIZATION of drugs use to support drug legalization |
#19 A
Three arguments: 1) It would take the profits out of illegal drugs 2) It would eliminate a major reason for gang violence 3) It would remove drug dealers from the market |
p. 253
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#20 Q
This is the definition of SECONDARY DEVIANCE |
#20 A
A type of DEVIANCE that usually becomes part of the offender's SELF-CONCEPT |
p. 264
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#21 Q
List three examples from the text of VICTIMLESS CRIMES |
#21 A
Three examples: 1) Prostitution 2) Illicit drug use 3) Gambling |
p. 253
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#22 Q
This is the definition of VICTIMLESS CRIMES |
#22 A
Illegal acts in which all direct participants are consenting adults; where no person is necessarily "hurt", except, in some cases, the person committing the crime |
p. 253
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#23 Q
This is the definition of the term ANOMIE |
#23 A
A condition of NORMLESSNESS [ a lack of effective norms governing people's behavior ] |
p. 260
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#24 Q
This is the definition of the LABELING THEORY |
#24 A
Argues that deviance is defined by societal reaction to certain people and THEIR behaviors, and not by the behaviors themselves |
p. 263
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#25 Q
This is the true of DETERRENCE |
#25 A
It is one of the main purposes for having FORMAL NEGATIVE SANCTIONS |
p. 250
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#26 Q
This is another term for STREET CRIME |
#26 A
PREDATORY CRIME |
p. 252
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#27 Q
List two examples of biological theories/explanations of DEVIANCE from the 19th and 20th centuries |
#27 A
1) Atavism/physical abnormalities (Lombroso) 2) "Mesomorphism"/short & stocky (Sheldon) 3) "X-Y-Y Chromosome" theory 4) Phrenology (the bumps on the head, and the shape of the skull) |
p. 259
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#28 Q
This is the definition of a CRIME |
#28 A
Failure to conform to a LAW |
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#29 Q
List the two deadliest drugs used in the U.S. |
#29 A
1) Tobacco (kills >400,000 per year; 1 out of every 5 deaths) 2) Alcohol (causes +/- 100,000 deaths per year |
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#30 Q
This is the approximate number of U.S. residents who die each year from all illegal drug use |
#30 A
22,000 (fewer than one-fourth the number who die from alcohol abuse) |
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#31 Q
This is the annual percentage increase in the number of African Americans who were imprisoned during the 1980's (the peak of the "War on Drugs") |
#31 A
190% (Imprisonment rates of caucasians rose by 81% during the same period) |
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#32 Q
During the period of 1980 - 1998, this is how the percentage of federal inmates imprisoned for drug charges changed for African Americans |
#32 A
1980: 25% 1998: 59% |
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#33 Q
Between 1986 - 1996, this is the percentage of increase in the number of women who were imprisoned on drug charges |
#33 A
888% increase (compared to 129% increase for all other offenses) |
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#34 Q
List the percentages of the U.S. population who use illegal drugs, according to race (black, hispanic, white) |
#34 A
(in descending order) Blacks: 7.5% Whites: 6.4% Hispanics: 5.9% |
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#35 Q
This is the percentage that men are more likely to use illegal drugs than women |
#35 A
+/- 200% (men are nearly twice as likely as women to use illegal drugs) |
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#36 Q
This is the definition of SOCIAL CONTROLS |
#36 A
All social processes used to minimize DEVIANCE from social norms |
p. 250
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