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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Elements of logical reasoning
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stimulus prompt answer choices
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Implication Family
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identify a statement implied by the truth of the statements in the stimulus
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Characterization Family
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characterize the stimulus (ex: identify the main point method flaw role)
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Operation Family
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perform an operation on the stimulus (ex: strengthen weaken prove explain)
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Questions that contain mainly premises
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Implication
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Questions that contain arguments
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Characterization and Operation
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Argument
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set of propositions that provide support for one another
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Premise
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proposition an argument is based on
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Conclusion
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propositions supported by the premise
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Premise Key Words
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Since/Because/For/As/After all/Moreover/In addition/Given that
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Conclusion Key Words
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Therefore/Thus/Hence/So/As a result/Consequently/It follows that/It is clear that
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Assumption
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claims not explicity stated but must be true in order to the conclusion to be inferred
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Approach to break down an arguement
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underline conclusion/find premises/identify assumptions
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Validity
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conclusion must be true if the premises are true
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Absolute Statements
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assert the existence of some fact
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Conditional Statement
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assert the relationship between conditions (if then)
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Elements of conditional Statement
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sufficient condition -> necessary condition
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Sufficient Condition
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guarantees the necessary condition
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Necessary Condition
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what follows when a sufficient condition is satisfied
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The Contrapositive
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switch and negate
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Fallacy of the Converse
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B -> A
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Fallacy of the Inverse
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-A -> -B
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Sufficiency Key Words
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If/When/Whenever/All/Any/Each/Every
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Necessity Key Words
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Then/Only/Only if/Only when/Needs/Requires/Must
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How to deal with Only
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whatever only refers to is always the necessary condition
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If and Only If
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condition is both sufficient and necessary <->
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Diagram Unless/Until/Without/Except
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replace with "if not"
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Diagram "No A is/are B
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A -> -B
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Ordering Questions
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spatial relationships
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Grouping Questions
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who can and cannot be together
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Steps to Logic Games
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Read/Build/Symbolize/Double Check/Identify randoms/Deduct/Scenarios/Attack/Laugh
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1:1 Correspondence
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one slot for each player
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