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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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evolution
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idea that species change through time
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population
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individuals of the same species that are living in the same area at the same time
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descent with modification
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species existing today have descended from other, preexisting species and that species are modified, or change, through time
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fossil
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any trace of an organism that lived in the past
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fossil record
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consists of all the fossils that have been found and described in the scientific literature
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sedimentary rocks
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most fossils found in these. form from sand or mud or the minerals deposited at locations such as beaches or river mouths
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geological time scale
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different periods of geological times, creating the sequence of eons, epochs, and periods
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extinct
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a species that no longer exists
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transitional form
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a fossil species with traits that are intermediate between those of older and younger species
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vestigial trait
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a reduced or incompletely developed structure that has no function or reduced function, but is clearly similar to functioning organs or structures in closely related species
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homology
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similarity that exists in species descended from a common ancestor
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genetic homology
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a similarity in DNA sequences of different species
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developmental homology
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similarity in embryonic traits
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morphology
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form
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structural homology
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similarities in adult morphology
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Natural selection
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could explain the pattern of descent with modifications
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natural experiment
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changes in the environment
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acclimation
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describes changes in an individual's phenotype that occur in response to changes in environmental conditions
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Genetic correlation
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selection on alleles for one trait caused a correlated, though suboptimal, increase in another trait
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fitness trade-off
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compromise between traits (larger beaks but brighter feathers)
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