Ls Exam 3

Front 1

6 Kingdoms

Back 1

archeobacteria, eubacteria, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia

Front 2

Archeobacteria

Back 2

unicellular and prokaryotic

Front 3

eubacteria

Back 3

both heterotrophic and autotrophic; main role is decomposition; unicellular/prokaryotic

Front 4

Protista

Back 4

unicellular but eukyrotic; there are three different types of protista(protozoans, slime molds, algae)

Front 5

protozoans

Back 5

some autotrophic, heterotrophic, and both. 5 different phyla based on its method of mobility

Front 6

methods of mobility for protozoans

Back 6

pseudopods, flagella, cillia or combinations.

Front 7

slime molds

Back 7

multicellular or multinucleate

Front 8

algae

Back 8

disputed as to which kingodm it should be in. 6 different divisions based on color

Front 9

kingdom Fungi

Back 9

mostly multicellular with a couple multinucleate; heterotrophic, all cells are haploid; 4 divisions based on how it decomposes.

Front 10

important fungi symbiosis

Back 10

1) fungi and blue green algae form lichen
2) fungi and mycorrhizae allow plants to gain extra nitrogen

Front 11

kingdom plantae

Back 11

multicellular; autotrophic; cuticle; stomata; has 10 divisions

Front 12

cuticle

Back 12

waxy coating to help moniter water intake

Front 13

stomata

Back 13

little holes on the bottom of leaves that intake carbon dioxside and exhale oxygen

Front 14

10 divisions of plantae

Back 14

1)bryophytes, 2)whisk ferns, 3) club mosses, 4) horsetails, 5) ferns -sori, 6) cycads, 7) gingkos, 8) gnetophyta, 9) conifers, 10) anthophyta~ flowering plants

Front 15

Bryophytes

Back 15

moss, liverwarts, hornworts
only non-vascular division

Front 16

Xylem

Back 16

transports water/minerals from roots to leaves

Front 17

phoelom

Back 17

transports sugar from leaves to anywhere that needs it

Front 18

seedless vascular plants

Back 18

whisk ferns, club mosses, horsetails, ferns

Front 19

non protective seed producting plants

Back 19

cycads, gingkos, gnetophyta, conifers

Front 20

flowering plants

Back 20

only plants that produce seeds and then protect them

Front 21

kingdom animalia

Back 21

multicellular, mobile, heterotrophic,
95-97% are invertabrite
30-35 different phyla

Front 22

types of bodily symmetry

Back 22

asymmetical~ no pattern
radial symmetric ~ center point and the rest if organized around that
bilateral symmetry~ externally symmetrical but often isn't internally (can only be split in one direction)

Front 23

allopatric speciation

Back 23

geographically seperate speciation

Front 24

sympatric speciation

Back 24

groups with geographical access to each other do seciation

Front 25

prezygotic

Back 25

premating, gamets are never passed, this is normal

Front 26

postzygotic

Back 26

postmating, happens after the gamets are passed, either the sperm will be unable to fertilize the egg or it will produce a steril hybrid or there will be a miscarige or still birth

Front 27

Anthropoids

Back 27

40mya larger mammals that were active during the day

Front 28

New world monkey

Back 28

small bodies, arboreal, long grabing tails, and 'flat' noses

Front 29

arboreal

Back 29

tree dweller

Front 30

old world monkey

Back 30

larger, downward facing noses, no tails, spread less time in trees

Front 31

hominins

Back 31

could have evolved from a hominoid but we can't be forsure, 4.4mya, some where between ape and man

Front 32

huminoid

Back 32

30mya new type of anthropoid

Front 33

australopithecus

Back 33

very diverse, fully uprite and bipedal, brain size is larger, 4 different kinds

Front 34

4 kinds of Australopithecus

Back 34

A. Africanos
A. Afarensis
A. Robustus
A. Bosei

Front 35

Africanos

Back 35

small(3 feet tall); light bones; 440 cc cranial vault; very round skull; small teeth; spine and skull are perpendicular

Front 36

Afarensis

Back 36

'lucy' might end up being the same as africanos

Front 37

robustus

Back 37

bigger; heavier bones; wider face; large moeller teeth; 500 cc cranial vault; bumby part on back of skull possibly where the jaw muscles attached

Front 38

Bosie

Back 38

very similar to robustus might be part of the same class

Front 39

2-1.5mya

Back 39

new genus 'homo' which doesn't have to have evolved from austalopithecus

Front 40

homo habilis

Back 40

3-3.5 feet tall; 680-775 cc cranial vault; super long arms; could have started makeing and using tools

Front 41

1.6mya-300,000ya

Back 41

homo erectus

Front 42

homo erectus

Back 42

skeleton is super similar to present day humans; thinker skulls; very low/large eye brow ridges; 1000cc cranial vault; active hunters; over 4 feet tall

Front 43

400,000-200,000ya

Back 43

homo sapiens

Front 44

homo sapiens

Back 44

led to the end of all other austalopithecus species; 1300 cc cranial vault

Front 45

totipotent cells

Back 45

generic cells that do not have a specific perpose yet

Front 46

ectoderm

Back 46

outer covering (skin)

Front 47

Mesoderm

Back 47

connective tissue (bones, cartilage, muscle, blood)

Front 48

Endoderm

Back 48

coverings and linings of organs

Front 49

mesoglea

Back 49

instead of mesoderm and is the noncellular filling between ectoderm and endoderm

Front 50

Body cavity

Back 50

a fluid filled space, usually between ectoderm and endoderm

Front 51

gastrovascular cavity

Back 51

found in jelly fish; is not a real cavity

Front 52

platyhelminthes organisms...

Back 52

...don't have body cavities; have acoelomate

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acoelomate

Back 53

cavity filled with tissue call parenchyma

Front 54

coelomate

Back 54

have cavities which happen in the mesoderm

Front 55

protostome

Back 55

first cavity that forms in the embryotic stage in the mouth

Front 56

deuterostome

Back 56

first embryotic cavity will be the adult anus the second cavity will be the mouth

Front 57

choanocytes

Back 57

flagellated cells that move through water (unique to sponges)

Front 58

Phylum Cnidaria

Back 58

sting; only have two germ levels; two forms

Front 59

two forms of cnidaria

Back 59

polyp- sac
medusae - polyp filled over

Front 60

Phylum platyhelminthes

Back 60

2 way digestive track; starting to develope organs; phenomenal regeneration;
three tissue classes; biginning of eye ports and nervous system

Front 61

3 classes of platyhelminthes

Back 61

free living forms, flukes, tapeworms

Front 62

Phylum nemertinea

Back 62

first pseudoceoles
ring worm

Front 63

Phylum nematoda

Back 63

parasitic and free living; roundworms; also called pseudocoelomate

Front 64

phylum mollusca

Back 64

soft and squishy; big, intelligent; no regeneration; gills for breathing; radula; snails, slugs, squid, clams

Front 65

Phylum Annelida

Back 65

worms, leeches, polikeet; externally segmented and have multiple hearts (usually 5)

Front 66

"phylum" anthropoda

Back 66

no longer a taxonomic group; metaporphosis and molting extend life; exoskeletons made of chertin which anchor the muscles

Front 67

onychophorans

Back 67

link between annelida and arthropoda; live in tropical forests and have bright blue appendages

Front 68

Phylum echinodermata

Back 68

bilateral in larval stage but become radial in adult stage; can regenerate; don't have blood in stead circulate water

Front 69

"phylum" choradata

Back 69

no longer a taxinomical group; deuterostomes; 4 key features; now 3 phyla

Front 70

4 key features of choradata

Back 70

notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail

Front 71

post-anal tail in humans

Back 71

reabsorbed and turned into legs and arms during the embryotic stage

Front 72

pharyngeal gill slits in humans

Back 72

changed into neck and lungs during embryotic stage

Front 73

dorsal, hollow nerve cord in humans

Back 73

replaced with brain and nerve cord

Front 74

notochord

Back 74

primitvie stages of a spinal cord, humans have a fully developed spinal cord

Front 75

three phyla of chordata

Back 75

urochordata; cephalochordata, vertebrata

Front 76

phylum urochordata

Back 76

sea squirts or tunicates

Front 77

phylum cephalochoradata

Back 77

odd group with no commonly known examples

Front 78

phylum vertebrata

Back 78

humans; horses; fish; whales; frogs; snakes; lots of birds; sharks; etc; homologous

Front 79

six classes of vertebrata

Back 79

cartilaginous fish; true bony fish; amphilbia; reptilia; aves; mammalia

Front 80

class reptilia

Back 80

egg layers; can live terrestrially; ectothermic; stilted

Front 81

ectothermic

Back 81

temperature is regulated by the external environment

Front 82

stilted

Back 82

change the bodies position in relation to the ground through out the day; moring is close to the ground they slowly move away until midday and then they start to get closer to the ground again

Front 83

amniotic eggs

Back 83

soft, pliable, porous membranes support the embryo. water within the egg helps regulate temperature and keeps the parts from sticking together

Front 84

class aves

Back 84

endothermic; can fly; amniotic eggs

Front 85

endothermic

Back 85

body heat regulated internally

Front 86

class mammalia

Back 86

hair or fur; homeothermic; mammary glands; usually placental.

Front 87

homeothermic

Back 87

can regulate body temperature reguardless of external environment

Front 88

monotreens

Back 88

mammals that lay eggs; all found in australia; ex platypus

Front 89

marsupials

Back 89

have underdeveloped young that work their way from the womb to a protective pouch; natural to austalia; usually have one in pouch, one waiting to get into the pouch, and 1-2 in development

Front 90

advantages to marsupials

Back 90

don't invest as much in the young so can plan their births better; can escape predators easier

Front 91

placental

Back 91

heldwithin body for a long time; develope in a watery sac, usually far developedand independent when born (except primates who's young need to be cared for/protected)

Front 92

advantage to placental

Back 92

better developed young

Front 93

disadvantage to placental

Back 93

slower birth rate; cumbersome(bad for everyday movement and getting away from predators)

Front 94

what makes a primate a primate?

Back 94

opposable thumbs; most developed brain; 5 digits per limb; nail placement at end of digits; well developed ball/socket joints; bipedal motion; decreased dependency on smell; increased care for young; good visual acuity

Front 95

ball/socket joints

Back 95

allow for lots of motion
ex: radius can rotate over ulna

Front 96

bipedal motion

Back 96

upright posture, leads to poor knee and ankle joints

Front 97

bipedal hierarchy

Back 97

humans(all time bipedal), chimps (most time bipedal), gorillas (equal time bipedal and knuckle walking)

Front 98

visual acuity

Back 98

field of vision, takes into acount steroscopic vision

Front 99

steroscopic vision

Back 99

depth perseption

Front 100

class porifera

Back 100

sponges; multicellular but with out tissue; choanocytes; not mobile as adults; asexual and sexual reproduction; spicules and spongin fiber

Front 101

spicules and spongin fiber

Back 101

skeltal structure of porifera

Front 102

three germ or tissue layers

Back 102

ectoderm; mesoderm; endoderm

Front 103

radula

Back 103

small teeth that scrap/cut the food

Front 104

metamorphosis

Back 104

complex process of development from larva (very long) to adult (very short)

Front 105

why is vertabrata homologous?

Back 105

feathers, scales and hair all come from the same gene

Front 106

pseudocoelomate

Back 106

false cavities that are not formed during embryonic stage