Ls 2 Lecture 10

Front 1

Meiosis

Back 1

reproductive cell %, haploid # of chromosomes from sperm and egg. most cell in body have diploid

Front 2

Asexual Reproduction

Back 2

single parent- offspring are all identical to parent

occurs mostly in one-called organisms

modes:
-budding
-regeneration
-parthenogenesis (development of offspring from unfertilized eggs)

Front 3

Sexual Reproduction

Back 3

genetic diversity

gamets (hapliod sex cells) are produced by gemetogenesis

diploid primary oocyte and spermatocyte divide by meiosis to form four haploid cells

Front 4

Spermatogenesis

Back 4

2n male germ cell (diploid)>mitosis
2n spermatogonium>mitosis
2n primary spermatocyte>meiotic
N secondary spermatocyes> meitoic
N (four) spermatids> differentiation and maturation into gametes
N (four)sperm cells (all haploid).

occurs in seminiferous tubules in testes

Front 5

Oogenesis

Back 5

2n (diploid) female germ cell>mitosis
2n oogonium>mitosis
2n primary oocyte> meiotic %
N secondary oocyte (polar body)>differentiation and growth
and second meiotic division
N ootid (second polar body)>
N ovum (polar bodies degrade)

Front 6

sertoli cells

Back 6

supply nutrients to the developing sperm

Front 7

Leydig Cells

Back 7

in the tissue between seminiferous tubules produce testosterone in response to stimulation by LH

Front 8

Sperm Travel

Back 8

seminiferous tubules to epididymis (storage)

then urethra (common duct for urinary and reproductive systems) via the vas deferens

seminal vesicles produce seminal fluid, with mucas, protein and fructose for the urethra

prostate gland produces fluid for the urethra that helps sperm adjust to the acidic conditions of female

Front 9

Ovarian Cycle

Back 9

each primary oocyte in ovary is surrounded by a layer of follicle cells which make up the follicle

puberty to menopause, 6-12 follicles mature each month

after 14 days, growth of follicle ruptures and releases an egg = ovulation

remaining follicle cells form corpus luteum, which produces progesterone and estrogen for 2 weeks

if no pregnancy, corpus luteum degenerates

during cycle, inner lining of uterus (endometrium), builds to prepare

no egg=lining sloughs off and bleeding occurs

Front 10

Names of days and phases for endometrium (uterus lining)

Back 10

day 1-5: menses
day 5-15: proliferation
day 15-30: secretory

Front 11

LS/FSH

Back 11

day 0-14: follicular phase
day 14-28: luteal phase

both peak around day 14 due to peak of estrogen and progesterone, then they remain low due to negative feedback.

LH surge triggers mature follicle to rupture and release egg, follicle cells develop to corpus luteum.

Front 12

Progesterone and Estrogen

Back 12

stimulate development of endometrium

estrogen exerts negative feedback on gonadotropin release by the pituitary during the first 12 days

day 12 estrogen exerts positive feedback on pituitary leading on to surge on day 14, surge of LH and FSH (lesser)

continues high levels of estrogen and progesterone prevent pituitary from secreting gonadotropin and shut off the ovarian cycle for pregnancy

Front 13

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

Back 13

if fertilization occurs, layer of cells covering the blastocyst begins to secrete this hormone.

keeps corpus luteum functional