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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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biological species concept: species
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groups of actually or potentially interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated from other grouops and produce fertile offspring
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"actually or potentially interbreeding"
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don't have to live in same area
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"reproductively isolated from other grouops"
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prezygotic: prevent mating or fertilization (mating calls different)
postzygotic: barriers that occur after fertilization (embryos defective) |
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are homosapiens and homoerectus different species?
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cannot test with biological species concept, can't test mating
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lake bacteria-different species?
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don't mate, just divide
cannot test with biological species concept |
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limitations of biological species concept
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non-sexually reproducing
fossils |
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usually use the _______ species classification
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morphological
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genetic isolation
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two populations that cannot interbreed through genetic differences
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geographic barriers
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can cause isolation
snails cannot cross street grand canyon is geographic barrier between squirrels |
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ring species
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populations at gradual stages of divergence from common ancestors
can't mate, different species, infertile offspring a connected series of neighboring populations that can interbreed with relatively closely related populations, but for which there exist at least two "end" populations in the series that are too distantly related to interbreed |
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speciation
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evolutionary process by which new biological species arise
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what factors matter with speciation on islands?
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distance from mainland
distance between islands isolation of colonists |
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adaptive radiation example - hawaiian silverswords
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rapid evolution through common ancestor
many different forms on islands, specialized iin different environments |
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zygote
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sperm+eggs together & start dividing
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polyploidy
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extra sets of chromosomes
can lead to instant speciation (sympatric=genetic divergence of various populations (from a single parent species) inhabiting the same geographic region, such that those populations become different species) common in plants examples: tobacco, cotton, frog species: diploid population, tetraploid speciation |
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cladistics
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reconstruc how populations diverged from ancestor
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monophyletic
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contains the ancestral species and all descendences
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paraphyletic
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does not contain all descendants
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polyphyletic
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does not contain all common ancestors
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synapomorphy
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shared, derived character or aspects/ characteristics unique to clade
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cladistics
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reconstruct how populations diverged from ancestor
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monophyletic
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contains the ancestral species and all descendences
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paraphyletic
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does not contain all descendants
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polyphyletic
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does not contain all common ancestors
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synapomorphy
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shared, derived character or aspects/ characteristics unique to clade
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