Lpn Chapters 16 And 17

Front 1

Airborne Infection Isolation Precautions

Back 1

standard precaution for patients with known or suspected serious illnesses transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei

Front 2

Contact Precautions

Back 2

standard precaution for patients with known or suspected serious illnesses easily transmitted by direct patient contact or by contact with items in the patients environment

Front 3

Convalescent

Back 3

recovery

Front 4

Droplet Precautions

Back 4

standard precaution for patients with known or suspected serious illnesses transmitted by large particle droplet

Front 5

Health Care-associated infections (HAIs)

Back 5

infections transmitted to a person while receiving health care services

Front 6

Incubation Period

Back 6

Begins when the organism first enters the body and lasts until the onset of symptoms

Front 7

Infection Prevention and control

Back 7

rely on medical and surgical asepsis, Standard Precautions, and Transmission-Based Precautions to prevent or control the spread of microorganisms

Front 8

Isolation

Back 8

preventing contact between a patient and others to prevent the spread of infection

Front 9

Leukocytosis

Back 9

increased white blood cells, increase in the number leukocytes in the blood , resulting from infection from other causes

Front 10

Malaise

Back 10

Not feeling "Right"

Front 11

Prodormal Period

Back 11

is the short time from the onset of vague, nonspecific symtoms to the beginning ofspecific symtoms of infection

Front 12

Standard Precautions

Back 12

to facilitate breaking the chain of infection, these precautions protect both the nurse and patient and are to be used for every patient contact. they include the use in hand hygiene and ppe

Front 13

Antibiotic

Back 13

chemical substance that can kill or alter the growth of bacterial microorganisms

Front 14

Antimicrobial

Back 14

killing or suppressing growth of microorganisms

Front 15

Antiseptic

Back 15

chemical compound that is used on skin or tissue to inhibit the growth of or to eliminate microorganisms

Front 16

Asepsis

Back 16

the practice of making the environment and objects free of microorganisms

Front 17

Aseptic

Back 17

free of microorganisms

Front 18

Bacteria

Back 18

single celled microorganism lacking a nucleus that reproduce from every few minutes up to several weeks

Front 19

Contaminated

Back 19

unclean

Front 20

Debris

Back 20

dead tissue or foreign matter

Front 21

Disinfectant

Back 21

are solutions containing chemical compounds such as phenol, alcohol , or chlorine that kill or inactivate nearly all microorganism

Front 22

Fungi

Back 22

tiny- primitive organisms of the plant kingdom that contain chorophyll

Front 23

Helminths

Back 23

parasitic worms or flukes belonging to the animal kingdom

Front 24

Immune Response

Back 24

the bodies reaction to substances interpreted as nonself

Front 25

Interferon

Back 25

biologic response modifier that affects cellular growth

Front 26

Medical Asepsis

Back 26

the practice of reducing the number of organisms present or reducing the risk for transmission of organisms

Front 27

Microorganism

Back 27

organisms only visible with a microscope

Front 28

Pathogens

Back 28

microorganisms capable of causing disease

Front 29

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Back 29

includes gloves gowns masks protective eye wear shoe covering and hair covering

Front 30

Prions

Back 30

protein particles that lack nucleic acid, not activated by usual methods for destroying bacteria or viruses. they do not trigger an immue response but can cause degenerative neurologic disease

Front 31

Protozoa

Back 31

one-celled microscopic organism , animal kingdom

Front 32

Rickettsia

Back 32

small , round or rod-shaped microorganism that are transmitted by the bites of lice, ticks , fleas and mites

Front 33

Standard Precautions

Back 33

Delineate methods for avoiding direct contact with all body secretions except sweat , whether or not visible blood is present

Front 34

Sterile

Back 34

without pathologic organisms

Front 35

Sterilization

Back 35

are methods used in the process of destroying all microorganism , pathogens or pathogenic products

Front 36

Surgical Asepsis

Back 36

the practice of preparing and handling materials in a way that prevents the patients exposure to living organisms

Front 37

Viruses

Back 37

extremely small can only be seen with an electron microscope. theyre composed of particles of nucleic acids, either DNA or RNA with a protein coat and sometimes a membranous envelope. viruses can grow and replicate only within a living cell. once inside cells , viruses can trigger an immune reaction or damage cells

Front 38

Aerobic

Back 38

needs oxygen to live and grow

Front 39

Anaerobic

Back 39

able to live and grow only in the absence of oxygen

Front 40

Bactericidal

Back 40

an agent that is able to kill or destroy bacteria

Front 41

Colonization

Back 41

microorganisms take up residence and grow

Front 42

Community-Associated infection

Back 42

an infection that was present

Front 43

Cross-Contamination

Back 43

transmission of infectious microorganisms from one person or object to another

Front 44

Culture

Back 44

propagation of living organisms or tissue ion special media conducive to the growth

Front 45

Disinfectant

Back 45

an agent that reduces the number of viable microorgnaism

Front 46

Endotoxin

Back 46

a heat-stable toxin associated with the outer membrane of certain gram-neg bacteria that is released when the cells are disrupted

Front 47

Exotoxin

Back 47

an unstable, highly toxic by-product of select microorganisms that can be found in both gram-positive and gram-neg bacteria

Front 48

Exudate

Back 48

fluid in or on tissue surface that have escaped from blood vessels in response to inflammation and that can contain protein and cellular debris .

Front 49

Gram-Neg

Back 49

bacteria that lose the stain in Grams method of staining

Front 50

Gram-Positive

Back 50

Bacteria that retain the stain in Grams method of staining

Front 51

Health care-associated infection

Back 51

infection that was not present or incubating on admission to a health care facility ;acquired during hospitalization

Front 52

Host

Back 52

an animal or plant that harbors an provides sustenance for another organism ( a parasite)

Front 53

Infection

Back 53

Invasion and multiplication in body tissue of microorganism that cause cellular injury

Front 54

Inflammation

Back 54

localized response caused by injury or destruction of tissue's that serves to contain the injurious agent and injured tissue

Front 55

Phagocytes

Back 55

cells capable of ingesting particulate matter

Front 56

Phagocytosis

Back 56

the engulfing of microorganism and foreign particle by phagocytes

Front 57

Spores

Back 57

oval bodies formed within bacterial as a resting stage during the life cycle of the cell: characterized by resistance to a environmental change

Front 58

Toxin

Back 58

a poison ; a poisonous protein produced by certain bacteria

Front 59

Vector

Back 59

carrier that transports an infective agent from one host to another, such as animals insects and rodents

Front 60

Virulence

Back 60

degree to which a microorganism and cause infection in the host or invade the host

Front 61

Transmission-Based Precautions

Back 61

are based on interrupting the mode of transmission by identifying the specific secretions, body fluids , tissues, or excretions that might be infective.

Front 62

Impervious

Back 62

moisture and particle proof

Front 63

Mycoplasmas

Back 63

are very small organism without a cell wall

Front 64

Infection

Back 64

is the entry of an infectious agent into the body that multiples and causes tissue damage

Front 65

normal flora

Back 65

nonpathogenic

Front 66

normal flora prevent harmful microorganism by

Back 66

by occupying receptor sites on cells, monopolizing the nutrients and secreting substances that are toxic to other microorganisms

Front 67

Gram staining

Back 67

performed to help in classifying the bacteria's outer cell surface also effective in determining most effective method to use in eliminating the microorganism

Front 68

sensitivity tests

Back 68

performed to determine which antibiotic is most effective against the bacteria

Front 69

4 most common multidrug resistant organism

Back 69

MRSA VRE ESBL AND C.DIFF

Front 70

Standard precautions plus transmission based precautions include

Back 70

airborne infection isolation precautions, contract, or droplet precautions

Front 71

Causative agent

Back 71

Link 1 any microorganism or biologic agent capable of causing disease

Front 72

the 4 stages of infection process are

Back 72

incubation, prodrome, illness and convalescence

Front 73

Portal of Exit

Back 73

Link 3 The route by which a pathogen leaves the body of its host

Front 74

disinfection and sterilization

Back 74

methods used in the process of destroying all microorganisms , pathogens or pathogenic products

Front 75

Autoclave

Back 75

the most effective mean in destroying viruses is to expose them to high temperatures for a specified amount of time , 250 for20/30 minutes using a steam sterilizer . 320 for 90minutes to 3 hours if using a dry sterilization

Front 76

CDC Center for disease Control and Prevention

Back 76

a government agency, information on aspects of infectious disease, including their prevention and control

Front 77

Reservoir

Back 77

Link 2 places where organisms are found

Front 78

Mode of Transfer

Back 78

Link 4 direct or indirect interaction

Front 79

Portal of entry

Back 79

Link 5 enters the body through mucous membranes of the eyes nose mouth trachea or skin.

Front 80

Susceptible Host

Back 80

Link 6 a human host must be susceptible by virtue of age, state of health, or broken skin

Front 81

what are the 3 basic purposes of inflammation response

Back 81

neutralize and destroy harmful agents , limit their spread to other tissue in the body, prepare the damaged tissues for repair

Front 82

during inflammation what 2 chemicals are released

Back 82

Histamine and serotonin

Front 83

what are the bodies 3 body defenses in order

Back 83

skin, fever mechanism, immune response

Front 84

Naturally Acquired immunity

Back 84

antibodies

Front 85

Passive Acquired immunity

Back 85

given an antitoxin or antiserum

Front 86

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Back 86

fetus receives antibodies from the mother

Front 87

Artificially acquired immunity

Back 87

dead or inactive microorganisms or their toxins

Front 88

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Back 88

antibodies derived from infected blood of people or animals

Front 89

Medical Asepsis is referred to as clean technique because

Back 89

most but not all microorganisms are destroyed

Front 90

in a surgical scrub what is included

Back 90

hands are washed with soap and water first, then scrubbed with a fda approved antimicrobial scrub agent or alcohol based antiseptic hand rub agent

Front 91

Anaphylaxis

Back 91

Shock

Front 92

in personally cleaning and disinfection what is the process

Back 92

first clean with cold ,when visible material is removed wash then with hot and soapy water, its considered clean but not sterile. disinfect cleaning equipment and sink when completed

Front 93

Sterilization is the best method for eliminating microorganisms from equipment and supplies, true or false

Back 93

true

Front 94

what are 5 methods of sterilization

Back 94

steam under pressure, dry heat, ethylene oxide, liquid chemicals and hydrogen peroxide gas plasma

Front 95

for cleaning items in the home , how long should you boil the item

Back 95

15 minutes

Front 96

IP

Back 96

infection preventionist

Front 97

spread of an infection is most likely to happen in which stage of infection

Back 97

prodromal period

Front 98

illness period

Back 98

localized and systemic signs and symptoms appear

Front 99

patients with compromised immune status are often placed in what kind of isolation

Back 99

protective isolation

Front 100

in what order is the full ppe put in and removed

Back 100

Gown, mask , goggles then gloves

removal includes

Gloves, goggles , gown then mask

Front 101

when do you wear a regular mask compared to a N95

Back 101

Droplet is regular Airborne is N95

Front 102

regulations protect health care workers from Occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens in the workplace were set by

Back 102

OSHA

Front 103

what are the 4 rules of surgical asepsis

Back 103

know what is sterile, know what is not sterile , separate sterile from unsterile , remedy contamination immediately