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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does "BIOS" stand for?
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Basic Input/Output System.
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What is BIOS?
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Firmware located in a PC on the motherboard, used for bringing all of the system hardware to a state ready to boot an operating system.
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What the role of the BIOS?
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A. System initialization
B. Memory and device testing C. Locates an operating system to run. D. Provides a low level interface to allow the user to choose other boot devices and hardware resources. |
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Where does the BIOS reside?
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On the Motherboard of the PC in ROM (Read Only Memory), typically in an EEPROM, (electronically erasable progammable read-only memory).
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Give a few examples of the devices that can be initialized or set through the BIOS?
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A. The system clock,
B. Disks and boot devices, (such as CD-ROMs, Floppy disk, hard disks, zip or jazz drives, NIC, etc). C. Interrupts D. DMA (Direct Memory Access) channels. |
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What steps does the BIOS process take when starting?
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1. Power-On self-test (POST)
2. initializes hardware to a known operational state. 3. Load the boot loader from the boot device, (typically the first hard disk). 4. Passes control to the boot loader, (which loads the OS). |
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What is the BIOS services "not" used for in a Linux environment?
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It does not use BIOS services for I/O.
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What is the RTC?
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Real-Time Clock, it is the battery powered clock used to keep track of time when the system is powered off.
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What is CMOS?
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Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor clock (or the RTC).
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What is the system clock?
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The system clock or "software clock", uses the timer interrupt to maintain a software counter.
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Which clock does the Linux kernel use to keep track of time?
A. RTC, (real-time clock) B. System clock, (software clock). |
B. System Clock
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Which clock does the "date" command use to display date and time?
A. RTC, (real-time clock) B. System clock, (software clock). |
B. System Clock
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Which command is used to read and write the RTC (Real-Time Clock) from within Linux?
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hwclock
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What is another name for a system interrupt?
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IRQ
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What are electrical signals sent to the PC's microprocessor, instructing it to stop it's current activity and respond to an asynchronous event?
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Interrupts
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What is another name for the microprocessor memory map?
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I/O addresses?
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What is an I/O address?
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A list of defined memory addresses reserved for input/output devices.
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What is the capabilities of a DMA device.
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Is a device that has direct access to memory and writes it own data without using the microprocessor.
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What does DMA stand for?
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Direct Memory Access
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How does DMA work?
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DMA allows DMA capable devices to work directly with memory through a DMA channel, freeing the microprocessor for other tasks.
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What standard IRQ assignment for ttyS0, (COM1)?
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4
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What is the standard IRQ assignment for ttyS1, (COM2)?
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3
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What standard IRQ assignment for ttyS2, (COM3)?
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4
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What standard IRQ assignment for ttyS3, (COM4)?
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3
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What standard IRQ assignment for lp0, (LPT1)?
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7
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What standard IRQ assignment for lp1, (LPT2)?
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5
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What standard IRQ assignment for fd0,fd1, (floppies 1 and 2)?
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6
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What standard IRQ assignment for fd2,fd3, (floppies 3 and 4)?
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10
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Some older PC audio devices may conflict with IRQ 5 if more than one ______ ____ are configured?
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parallel ports
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The most important thing to remember when configuring system resouces is?
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To avoid conflicting settings.
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Where is the data located for BIOS to boot the operating system?
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At the beginning of the disk in the MBR (Master Boot Record).
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Linux can place the boot loader in either one of 2 places, where can the boot loader be placed?
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In either the MBR (Master Boot Record) or root partition.
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What is CHS?
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Cylinder/head/sector geometry.
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What is LBA?
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Logical Blocking Addressing mode, (or Linear block addressing).
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What types of disks are not normally detected by the BIOS?
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SCSI and ATA. These disks are handled by supplementary BIOSes assocated with the controller for these devices.
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Hard disks are broken into _____s, which are broken into ______s.
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tracks and sectors.
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LILO and kernels on Linux should be installed below cylinder ____ on larger disks.
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1024
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fdisk utility is used to ?
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partition the hard drive.
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What does PnP stand for?
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Plug and Play.
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What is the purpose of PnP?
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To create jumperless ISA cards that could be automatically configured by the OS's drivers.
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What are the 2 mechanisms used in Linux to configure PnP cards?
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"in-kernel support" and "isapnp" utilities.
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In what file are the interrupts usually located?
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/proc/interrupts
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What type of filesystem is /proc?
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virtual filesystem
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What is the best way to view /proc/interrupts?
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use "cat"
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What types of information are found in the files from /proc?
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Information about hardware, running processes, etc..
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Which interrupt is the most command cause of problems?
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IRQ 5 because it is the default value for sound cards and the 2nd parallel port.
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